Lennie Niehaus

Leonard Niehaus (June 11, 1929 – May 28, 2020)[1] was an American alto saxophonist, composer and arranger on the West Coast jazz scene. He played with the Stan Kenton Orchestra and served as one of Kenton's primary staff arrangers.[2] He also played with Ray Vasquez and trombonist and Vocalist, Phil Carreon and other jazz bands on the U.S. West Coast. Niehaus had a close association as composer and arranging to motion pictures produced by Clint Eastwood.[3][4][5][2]

Lennie Niehaus
Birth nameLeonard Niehaus
Born(1929-06-11)June 11, 1929
St. Louis, Missouri
DiedMay 28, 2020(2020-05-28) (aged 90)
Redlands, California
GenresJazz, West Coast jazz, film music
Occupation(s)Composer, arranger, orchestrator
InstrumentsAlto saxophone
LabelsContemporary
Associated actsStan Kenton, Bill Perkins, Shelly Manne, Jerry Fielding, Clint Eastwood

Life and career

Education and active years as a musician

Niehaus was born in St. Louis, Missouri on June 1, 1929 to Aaron "Père"and Clariss (Weissman) Niehaus. His mother was a homemaker. His father, a Russian immigrant, was a violinist who played in an orchestra that accompanied silent films in theaters. In the mid-1930s, after talking pictures had taken hold, he moved the family to Los Angeles, where he played in Hollywood studio orchestras. His sister was a concert pianist. His father started him on violin at age seven, then he switched to bassoon. At thirteen, Niehaus began alto saxophone and clarinet, about this time he began composing. In 1946, after graduation from Roosevelt High School, Niehaus started to study music at Los Angeles City College later earning a music education degree from Los Angeles State College in 1951 as part of the school's first full graduating class. Niehaus began his professional career arranging for and playing alto saxophone with Phil Carreón and His Orchestra in the Los Angeles area. Members of the band included saxophonists Herb Geller, trombonist Ray Vasquez, Herbie Steward, and saxophonist Teddy Edwards.[6][7][8][9]

Stan Kenton Orchestra

After completing college in 1951, Niehaus got his start with the Stan Kenton Orchestra and toured with the band for six months out on the road. His association with Kenton would be interrupted as he was drafted into the Army in 1952 and served at Fort Ord in California. After being discharged in 1954, he rejoined Kenton for five years as the lead alto saxophonist.[3] He composed and arranged extensively for the Kenton band being a feature soloist and having numerous arrangements featured on Kenton's Capitol Records releases. He had the longest and most recorded tenure of any of the lead alto players with the group to include such names as Charlie Mariano, Lee Konitz, Gabe Baltazar, or Tony Campise. Niehaus left the Kenton orchestra as an instrumentalist in 1959 to pursue music composition in the studios, “I put my horn away and started writing instead.”[10] He continued to serve as a staff arranger for Kenton into the 1960s. He would go on during that time to write and arrange music for entertainers acts such as the King Sisters, Mel Tormé, Dean Martin, and Carol Burnett.

Orchestrating and composing for television and film

By the age of 33, in 1962, he began orchestrating for television and film composer Jerry Fielding. Niehaus worked with Fielding on approximately seventy TV shows and films like Hogan's Heroes, Charlie’s Angels and McMillan & Wife. Films on this list include Straw Dogs (1971), Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974) by Sam Peckinpah, the comedy The Bad News Bears (1976), and the horror film Demon Seed (1977). After Fielding’s death Niehaus came into his own as a leading film composer; he always did his own orchestrating for his scores not using any ghost writers.[11]

In his film scores, Niehaus never forgot his jazz roots. The story of the film City Heat (1984) was set in the 1930s, so he wrote jazz of that period hiring people like altoist Marshal Royal. Bill Perkins came in and played like Lester Young; a jazz violinist sounded like Stéphane Grappelli. There was also a boogie woogie sequence with three pianists Pete Jolly, Mike Land and co-star Clint Eastwood.[12]

Work with Clint Eastwood

With Clint Eastwood, Niehaus had probably his most significant professional relationship. The two men had first met when serving together in the U.S. Army at Fort Ord during 1952 - 1954. Both found they had a passion for jazz music. Niehaus had already orchestrated scores for films starring Eastwood like Tightrope (1984), also produced by Eastwood. But it was not until Eastwood's eleventh film as director, Pale Rider (1985), that Niehaus actually wrote the first entire score for one of his films. Niehaus then wrote the musical scores for the following twelve films up to Blood Work (2002), and orchestrated the music for the next six features that Eastwood completed, from Mystic River (2003) to Gran Torino (2008). Niehaus won the BMI Film & TV Awards for Heartbreak Ridge (1986), Unforgiven (1992), The Bridges of Madison County (1995), and Space Cowboys (2000).

The most substantial collaboration between Niehaus and Eastwood related directly to jazz, was the 1988 biographical film on Charlie Parker, Bird. Besides a Golden Globe for Eastwood as best director, an Academy Award for best sound and many others, the score by Niehaus was nominated for a BAFTA Award, and won 2nd place at the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, shared between Niehaus and Charlie Parker, due to a production process that had managed to electronically isolate Parker's saxophone solos from the original recordings and backed them with modern stereo recordings.

Other awarded film scores

Lennie Niehaus wrote the music for another jazz related feature, the 1993 TV movie Lush Life, in which Forest Whitaker, who played Charlie Parker in Bird, also starred as a jazz saxophonist. Niehaus won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie, or a Special. In 2008 he was nominated again for Oprah Winfrey Presents: Mitch Albom's For One More Day.

Further works and educational publishing

His work includes Spiritual Jazz Suite, four pieces arranged for brass quartet, three sets of Christmas Jazz suites (4 pieces in each) and a Christmas Jazz Medley arranged for saxophone quartet. His educational publishing includes a book of classical saxophone duets, a beginning/intermediate/advanced method books for the understanding of jazz technique, and a book of jazz saxophone duets exemplifying jazz styles. After many years of not playing his alto saxophone at all, Niehaus returned to performing, reportedly in top form.[13][14][15] He played saxophone as leader of his octet on his album, Sunday Afternoons At The Lighthouse Cafe (2004).[16]

Selected discography
  • Volume 1: The Quintets (1954, 7" & 10"; 1956, Contemporary 3518)
  • Volume 2: The Octet, No. 1 (1954, 7" & 10"), Contemporary); LP reissue on Zounds!
  • Volume 3: The Octet, No. 2 (1955, Contemporary 3503)
  • Volume 4: The Quintets and Strings (1955, Contemporary 3510)
  • Volume 5: The Sextet (1958, Contemporary 3524)
  • Zounds! (1958, Contemporary 3540); reissue of The Octet, No. 1 with a further 1956 octet recording
  • I Swing for You (1957, EmArcy 36118)
  • The Lennie Niehaus Quintet: Live at Capozzoli's (2000, Woofy WPCD96)

With Stan Kenton

Selected television and film scores
gollark: PLEASE HELP MEA VIRUS HAS INFECTED MY SHIFT EY
gollark: IDEAONOID: DEEP RESONANCE
gollark: * yearn
gollark: Never mind, my emergency cryoapioformic dispenser enabled.
gollark: OH BEE I am undergoing combustion due to proximity OH BEE.

See also

References
  1. Barnes, Mike (June 1, 2020). "Lennie Niehaus, Alto Saxophonist and Frequent Clint Eastwood Collaborator, Dies at 90". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  2. Sandomir, Richard. New York Times obituary. "Lennie Niehaus, Who Set Eastwood’s Films to Music, Dies at 90". June 10, 2020
  3. "Artist Biography: Lenny Liehaus," by Scott Yanow, AllMusic (retrieved December 17, 2010)
  4. The Encyclopedia of Jazz in the Seventies, by Leonard Feather and Ira Gitler, Horizon Press (1976); OCLC 2698149
  5. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz
        1st ed. (2 vols.), Barry Kernfeld, Stanley Sadie (eds.) (1988); OCLC 16804283
        1st ed. (1 vol.), Barry Kernfeld (ed.) (1994); OCLC 30516743
        2nd ed. (3 vols.), Barry Kernfeld (ed.) (2002); OCLC 46956628
  6. The Kenton Kronicles: A Biography of Modern America's Man of Music, Stan Kenton, by Steven D. Harris, Dynaflow (2003), pg. 152; OCLC 44035053
  7. "Interview: Lennie Niehaus" (Part 1), JazzWax, November 9, 2009
  8. Beyond Alliances: The Jewish Role in Reshaping the Racial Landscape of Southern California, George J. Sanchez, Bruce Zuckerman (eds.), Purdue University Press (2012), pg. 39; OCLC 774640408
  9. "Lennie Niehaus," by Marcia Hillman, The New York City Jazz Record, Issue 145, May 2014
  10. Marble, Steve. Obituaries. Los Angeles Times. "Lennie Niehaus, L.A. jazz pioneer and longtime Clint Eastwood composer, dies at 90" JUNE 9, 2020. 1:59 PM
  11. Who's Who in Entertainment, 3rd ed., 1998–1999, New Providence, New Jersey: Marquis Who's Who (1997); OCLC 54303731
  12. Contemporary Theatre, Film, and Television. A biographical guide featuring performers, directors, writers, producers, designers, managers, choreographers, technicians, composers, executives, dancers, and critics in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and the world, Vol. 40, Detroit: Gale Group (2002); OCLC 867590253
  13. The Heritage Encyclopedia of Band Music: Composers and Their Music (2 Vols.), by William Harold Rehrig (born 1939), Westerville, Ohio: Integrity Press (1991)
        3rd. Vol. Supplement (1996); OCLC 24606813
  14. The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Donald Clarke (ed.) New York: Viking Press (1989); OCLC 59693135
  15. The Encyclopedia of Popular Music 4th ed. (8 Vols.), Colin Larkin (ed.), Muze (1998), Grove's Dictionaries
        "Niehaus, Lennie" OCLC 5108648136
        "Contemporary Records" OCLC 5108887634
        "Bird" OCLC 5108925774
        "Manne, Shelly" OCLC 5108784472
  16. "Lennie Niehaus: Composing for Clint," Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine by Don Heckman, JazzTimes, September 2007
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