L. Lawrence Weber

L. Lawrence Weber (c. 1872 – 22 February 1940) was an American sports promoter, stage show producer and theater manager. He was active in arranging vaudeville shows, legitimate theater and films. He once tried to bypass laws against importing a boxing film to the USA by projecting it on a screen just across the border in Canada and filming the screening from the USA side.

L. Lawrence Weber
Born	1869 New York City, New York, USA
Died	22 February 1940 New York City, New York, USA
Nationality	American
Occupation	Stage and film producer and theater manager

Early years

L. Lawrence Weber was born in New York City in 1869. At the age of thirteen, in 1882 he organized a company of young amateur minstrels who toured Long Island, New York. He posted the company's bills, took tickets and performed on stage. In 1883 he joined the Excelsior Minstrels. For a period Weber was the secretary of the British Minister to Japan, and became the American representative of the Japanese Government Tea Syndicate. In 1897 Weber was proprietor of Weber's Olympia Company and the Marion Extravaganza Company. These consisted of two touring theater companies and two other attractions.[1]

Weber became one of the leaders of the Columbia burlesque wheel, or the Eastern Wheel, with Samuel Scribner and Gus Hill, later to be part of the Columbia Amusement Company. They wanted to attract women to their shows, and promoted relatively clean entertainment. In 1908 they banned wrestling and prize fighting from their circuit. However, Columbia set up a second circuit in 1915, the American Burlesque Association, that staged raunchier shows.[2]

On 4 December 1910 Weber announced a plan to form a circuit of popular theaters, the Lawrence Weber Co-operative Booking Circuit. The investors were Weber, Sam A. Scribner, John Herbert Mack and Rudolph K. Hynicka. They planned to acquire forty theaters in cities around the United States and Canada, and to supply them with forty theater companies playing in rotation. They would put on equal numbers of melodramas, society plays, comedy dramas, farce comedies and musical comedies, charging popular prices. The partners were all associated with the "Eastern Wheel" of burlesque theaters, which had a similar business model.[3]

Cinema

The knock-out in the 1915 Johnson-Willard fight

Weber was one of the sponsors of a film made of a boxing match in Havana, Cuba, on 5 April 1915 between Jack Johnson and Jess Willard. He obtained the copyright on the film.[4] He was refused permission to import it on the basis of a Federal law prohibiting import of such films for public exhibition.[5][lower-alpha 1] Weber argued that this law was not constitutional, since it infringed on the rights of states. The case was heard in the Supreme Court in December 1915, and decided against Weber.[5] In 1916 Weber made a widely publicized attempt to bypass the restriction. He set up a motion picture camera 8 inches (200 mm) south of the border between New York and Canada, pointing to a screen on the Canadian side on which each frame of the film of the 1915 Havana fight was projected, thus creating a duplicate negative. He lost the court case that followed on the basis that he had violated the spirit of the law.[6]

Weber, Bobby North, Aaron Hoffman and Harry J. Cohen organized Popular Plays and Players, the precursor of Metro Pictures.[7] In 1914 the Popular Plays and Players production company issued a film version of Jules Verne's Michael Strogoff.[8] In March 1915 Weber, whom Variety described as a "colorful showman, sports promoter", was involved in founding Metro Pictures.[9] As of June 1915 Weber was acting head of Popular Plays and Players.[10]

Film poster for Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman (1917)

Weber later formed the L. Lawrence Weber Photodrama Corporation to make films, and in 1917 made Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman, starring John Barrymore.[11] Variety said, "By virtue of its artistry, intensely sustained suspense and irrefutable logic, [the film] must grip audiences for many seasons."[12] The production company made The Blue Pearl in 1920 based on the play by Anne Crawford Flexner, starring Edith Hallor, Lumsden Hare, Earl Schenck and John Halliday.[13]

Post-war

In 1919 John Golden arranged a meeting with his fellow producers J. Fred Zimmerman Jr., Archibald Selwyn, Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., Winchell Smith and Weber with the goal of cooperating on common issues such as censorship and ticket speculation.[14] He wanted to set up a forum so the producers could share ideas, and wanted stop the rival organizations poaching each other's stars. This led to formation of the Producing Managers' Association, which may have inadvertently shown actors the value of organizing into the Actors' Equity Association.[15]

In 1921 Weber and William B. Friedlander were in partnership to present dramatic, musical and vaudeville attractions at the Longacre Theatre on Broadway.[16] In 1923 Weber was managing the Little Theatre on Broadway. He had leased it from Winthrop Ames in partnership with John Golden and F. Ray Comstock. That year the theater staged Guy Bolton's comedies Polly Preferred and Chicken Feed.[17] Chicken Feed had a successful run, but had to close when Weber moved his Little Jessie James from the Longacre to the Little.[18]

In 1925 Weber went into partnership with Harry Houdini to present a traveling show that featured the magician. The show opened on 31 August 1925 at the Maryland Theater in Baltimore for three nights. It came to New York in December 1925. The show ran for two and a half hours in three acts. The first act featured magic tricks, in the second Houdini performed one of his famous escapes, and the third act gave an exposé of fraudulent techniques used by spirit mediums. Orson Welles said the third act was "riveting, like a perverse sort of revival meeting".[19] After Houdini died in October 1926, Weber was one of the honorary pallbearers at his funeral.[20]

On 23 May 1925 the Darlington Golf and Country Club opened in Mahwah, New Jersey, with Weber named president. After an impressive opening festival, the club soon ran into financial problems and was forced into foreclosure.[21] In March 1934 it was announced that Weber was among the patrons of a concert of the Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to be held at Carnegie Hall. Proceeds were to be used for a drive to boycott German imports.[22]

Weber died in New York City on 22 February 1940.[23] He was aged about 71.

Work

Herbert Rawlinson in The Wakefield Case (1921) (film directed by George Irving)

Weber's stage works included:[23]

• His Little Widows (Musical, Comedy – Producer) Apr 30, 1917 – Jun 30, 1917
• The Very Idea (Play – Producer) Aug 09, 1917 – Aug 1917
• Yes or No (Play – Producer, director) Dec 21, 1917 – Apr 1918
• Nothing But Lies (Play – Producer) Oct 08, 1918 – Feb 1919
• Nobody's Money (Play, Comedy, Farce – Producer) Aug 17, 1921 – Sep 1921
• Cobra (Play, Drama – Producer) Apr 22, 1924 – Jun 1924
• Moonlight (Musical, Comedy – Producer) Jan 30, 1924 – Jun 28, 1924
• Little Jessie James (Musical, Farce, Comedy – Producer, Theater manager) Aug 15, 1923 – Jul 19, 1924
• Mercenary Mary (Musical, Comedy – Producer) Apr 13, 1925 – Aug 08, 1925
• The Sea Woman (Play – Producer) Aug 24, 1925 – Sep 1925
• The Dagger (Play, Melodrama – Producer) Sep 09, 1925 – Sep 1925
• Sour Grapes (Play, Comedy – Theater manager) Sep 06, 1926 – Oct 1926
• Lady Alone (Play – Producer) Jan 20, 1927 – Feb 1927
• The Crown Prince (Play, Romance – Producer) Mar 23, 1927 – May 1927
• Bye, Bye, Bonnie (Musical, Comedy – Producer) Jan 13, 1927 – Apr 30, 1927
• The Command to Love (Play, Comedy – Theater manager) Sep 20, 1927 – Apr 1928
• Romancin' Round (Play, Comedy, Drama – Producer) Oct 03, 1927 – Oct 1927
• The Love Call (Musical – Produced in association with L. Lawrence Weber) Oct 24, 1927 – Jan 07, 1928
• Nice Women (Play, Comedy – Producer) Jun 10, 1929 – Aug 1929
• Her Friend the King (Play, Comedy – Producer) Oct 07, 1929 – Oct 1929
• Diana (Play, Drama – Producer) Dec 09, 1929 – Dec 1929
• Family Affairs (Play, Comedy – Producer) Dec 10, 1929 – Dec 1929
• Ritzy (Play, Comedy – Producer) Feb 10, 1930 – Mar 1930
• Overture (Play, Drama – Theater manager) Dec 05, 1930 – Jan 1931
• She Lived Next to the Firehouse (Play, Farce – Producer) Feb 10, 1931 – Mar 1931
• 'Napi (Play, Comedy – Producer) Mar 11, 1931 – Mar 1931
• The Man Who Reclaimed His Head (Play, Drama – Producer) Sep 08, 1932 – Oct 1932
• Strip Girl (Play, Comedy – Producer) Oct 19, 1935 – Nov 1935
• The Man Who Killed Lincoln (Play, Drama – Performer) Jan 17, 1940 – Jan 20, 1940

References

Notes

1. The laws prohibiting movement of films of prize fights was due to concerns about racial violence caused by exhibiting films in which a black man was shown beating a white man.[6]

Citations

1. Lawrence Weber, New York Clipper 1897.
2. Cullen, Hackman & McNeilly 2004, p. 164.
3. New Theatrical Combine, NYT 1910.
4. Streible 2008, p. 262.
5. White 1915.
6. Lives in film no. 4: Jack Johnson, 2010.
7. Cohen, Harry J., Intl Motion Picture Almanac 1937-38.
8. Nash & Dumont 2002.
9. Streible 2008, p. 250.
10. Metro's Activities, New York Dramatic Mirror, p. 25.
11. Pitts 1991, p. 112.
12. Pitts 1991, p. 113.
13. The Blue Pearl, IMDb.
14. Bloom 2003, p. 6.
15. Bloom 2003, p. 7.
16. Announcing L. Lawrence Weber... 1921.
17. Gans & Jones 2008.
18. Bloom 2007, p. 147.
19. Cox 2014.
20. Harry Houdini Rites Tomorrow Morning, NYT 1926, p. 23.
21. Bischoff & Kahn 1979, p. 159.
22. The Bulletin's Day Book, JTA 1934.
23. L. Lawrence Weber, IDBD.

Sources

• "Announcing L. Lawrence Weber and William B. Friedlander" (PDF). Variety. 9 September 1921. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• Bischoff, Henry; Kahn, Mitchell (1979). From pioneer settlement to suburb: a history of Mahwah, New Jersey, 1700-1976. A. S. Barnes. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Bloom, Ken (2003-12-04). Broadway: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-95020-0. Retrieved 2014-05-05.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Bloom, Ken (2007). The Routledge Guide to Broadway. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-97380-9. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "Cohen, Harry J.". International Motion Picture Almanac 1937-38. New York: Quigley Publishing. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• Cox, John (6 April 2014). "Houdini's grand finale: 3 Shows In 1". Wild About Harry. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2004). Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-93853-2. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Gans, Andrew; Jones, Kenneth (16 July 2008). "Second Stage Plans to Purchase Broadway's Helen Hayes Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "Harry Houdini Rites Tomorrow Morning". The New York Times. 3 November 1926. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• "L. Lawrence Weber". IDBD. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
• "Lawrence Weber". New York Clipper. 13 March 1897. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
• White, Chief Justice (13 December 1915). "L. LAWRENCE WEBER, Appt., v. FREDERICK S. FREED, Deputy Collector of United States Customs in Charge of the Port of Newark, N. J." Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "Lives in film no. 4: Jack Johnson". The Bioscope. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• "Metro's Activities" (PDF). The New York Dramatic Mirror. 23 June 1915. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• Nash, Andrew; Dumont, Herve (2002). "Jules Verne Filmography". Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "New Theatrical Combine" (PDF). The New York Times. 5 December 1910. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• Pitts, Michael R. (1991-01-01). Famous Movie Detectives II. Scarecrow Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8108-2345-7. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Streible, Dan (2008-01-01). Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94058-1. Retrieved 2014-05-12.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• "The Bulletin's Day Book". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 28 March 1934. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
• "The Blue Pearl". IMDb. Retrieved 2014-05-12.