Kratero
Kratero (Greek: Κρατερό, before 1926: Ράκοβο - Rakovo,[2] Macedonian and Bulgarian: Раково, Rakovo)[3][4] is a village located in the Florina regional unit of northwestern Macedonia, Greece.
Kratero Κρατερό | |
|---|---|
  Kratero | |
| Coordinates: 40°51′N 21°19′E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | West Macedonia |
| Regional unit | Florina |
| Municipality | Florina |
| Municipal unit | Kato Kleines |
| Elevation | 980 m (3,220 ft) |
| Community | |
| • Population | 84 (2011) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 531 00 |
| Area code(s) | 2385 |
| Vehicle registration | ΡΑ |
Geography
Kratero is located east of the Lake Prespa National Park and is on the slopes of the Eastern Varnous mountain range. The village is at an altitude of 980 meters. Neighbouring villages include Ethniko, Kato Kleines, Ano Kleines, and Akritas. Kratero is about 20 km north of the town of Florina. It is close to the Greek border with Albania, and within one kilometer of the border with North Macedonia.
Origins of the village
Local folklore suggests that the village was first settled in the year 1330 by Christian settlers from the Mat River region of Albania.[5] The village was originally named Rakovo in Slavic. This word comes from Rakoits and means fresh water crayfish, which were plentiful in the nearby streams. The village was named Krateron in 1928 after the Second Balkan War of 1913 when the region became part of Greece according to the Treaty of Bucharest (1913). Many residents migrated from Kratero in the 1950s to start new lives in the United States, Canada and Australia.
Kratero at the time of the Ilinden Uprising (1903)
The village has experienced a turbulent history as a result of its location and the strong patriarchist and Greek national identity of the population.[6] However, according to Borivoje Milojević, a Serbian anthropologist and ethnographer, in 1917-18, there were 100 houses in the village, all with predominantly a Slavic identity.[7] The village was burnt down three times, once in 1903 by the Ottoman Turkish Army, in 1907 by Bulgarian bands, and in 1947 during the Greek Civil War.
The village of Kratero was heavily affected by the events of the Ilinden Uprising of 1903 due to the villages remote location in the Monastir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. The villages of the Monastir Vilayet were subject to intimidation by Bulgarian bands who attempted by violent means to bring the Greek Patriarchist villages to the Bulgarian Exarchate. When the Greeks of Kratero categorically refused to support the Bulgarians, they were threatened with the burning of the village. The Greek priest, Papa Dimitrios and two notables, K. Traianou and Y. Konstantinou were murdered, and five more members of the community were beaten.[8] Later, a Bulgarian armed band again raided Kratero murdering the Greek Priest Mitanidis, the village President Stavros Maligeorgos, and Vice President Yiorgos Boikovitis.[9] In August 1903 Ottoman troops attacked the village in their attempts to deal with the Ilinden insurrection, burning and destroying 100 out of 120 houses.[10]
Notable people
References
- "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
- "Pandektis: Rakovo - Kratero". Retrieved 2016-11-30. Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece, compiled by the Institute for Neohellenic Research
- Croquis der westlischen Zurflüsse des oberen Wardar von J.G. von Hahn. Deukschriften der k Akad. d wissenseh. philos. histor. CIX1Bd, 1861.
- Васил Кънчов. „Македония. Етнография и статистика“. София, 1900, стр.236.
- Theodoros Boicos. 1906-1995. Transcript of interview
- Dakin, D. The Greek Struggle in Macedonia 1897 - 1913. 1966 Museum of Macedonian Studies - Institute for Balkan Studies
- Milojević, Borivoje (2018). Južna Makedonija. Belgrade: Sazvežđa. p. 20.
- Vacalopoulos, A.E., Modern History of Macedonia 1830-1912, pg. 189
- Vacalopoulos, pg. 194
- Dakin, D. 1993, pg. 103