Koluszki

Koluszki [kɔˈluʂkʲi] is a town, and a major railway junction, in Central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km east of Łódź with a population of 13,246 (2016).[1] The junction in Koluszki serves trains that go from Warsaw to Łódź, Wrocław, Częstochowa and Katowice. It is also connected to Radom and Lublin by an eastbound line.

Koluszki
Coat of arms
Koluszki
Coordinates: 51°45′N 19°48′E
Country Poland
VoivodeshipŁódź
CountyŁódź East
GminaKoluszki
Government
 • BurmistrzWaldemar Chałat
Area
 • Total9.41 km2 (3.63 sq mi)
Elevation
211 m (692 ft)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total13,246
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
95-040
Car platesELW
Websitewww.koluszki.pl

History

The town was first mentioned in 1399. During the 14th and 15th century, it prospered along the trade route between Danzig and Russia. By 1790, there was a grist mill, sawmill, brewery, and inn. Under the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the settlement was annexed by Prussia. It returned to Congress Poland following the Congress of Vienna in 1815. On September 2, 1846, the town was first connected to the emerging Polish railways as part of the mainline between Warsaw and Kraków. Following the development of Łódź as an industrial center, Koluszki served as the junction for its rail. By 1900, about half of the town worked for the railway in some capacity and the town developed around the railway and bus stations. The town suffered during both world wars.

Under the Nazi occupation during the Second World War, Koluszki was annexed to Germany and was the site of a Jewish ghetto established in April 1941. Hundreds of Jews from around the area were sent to the Koluszki ghetto so that the pre-war Jewish population of about 500 swelled to over 3000. Living conditions were horrific with up to ten people living in each room and others living in the streets or in attics. Hunger and typhus epidemics killed many. In October 1942, the Gestapo and German and Polish police rounded up the ghetto population. A few dozen escaped, as many as 500 were murdered in Koluszki, and the rest were loaded on a train for Treblinka. There they were immediately gassed. There were a few survivors of unknown numbers among Koluszki's Jewish population. Several Christian Poles helped a few Jews hide, and three, the Krzyzanowski family, were recognized after the war as Righteous Among the Nations for hiding six Jews. [2]

The town was restored to Poland by the Red Army on January 18, 1945. Its town charter was established in 1949.

Post

Poczta Polska – the postal service of Poland maintains its Department of Undelivered Mail (Wydział Przesyłek Niedoręczalnych) in the Koluszki post office.

gollark: The only message on 19 December is> 6K+ already?!?which seems pretty innocuous, so I'm assuming you're talking about the 20 December one about the (not implemented yet) restricted thing channels and will chalk this down to... time zones, or something.I'd kind of expect you to have said something in the intervening four months if this was a problem for you.
gollark: I mean, you're incoherently rambling about some rights violation and facism, so eh.
gollark: See, you're talking about it as if something happened *recently*, and whatever that is is 4 months ago.
gollark: Oh, I'll go check that.
gollark: Because that's... an optional competition... seriously what are you on about?

References
  1. Population. Size and Structure and Vital Statistics in Poland by Territorial Division in 2016, as of December 31 (PDF). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2017. p. 115. ISSN 2451-2087.
  2. m, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 242-243. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.