Koenigia

Koenigia is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae. The genus Aconogonon has been merged into Koenigia.

Koenigia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya.

Koenigia
Koenigia phytolaccifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Subfamily: Polygonoideae
Genus: Koenigia
L.[1]
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1]
  • Aconogonon (Meisn.) Rchb.
  • Macounastrum Small
  • Pleuropteropyrum H.Gross
  • Rubrivena M.Král

Description

Species of Koenigia are annual or perennial herbaceous plants, growing from taproots. The flowers are arranged in terminal or axillary inflorescences. The flowers have pale tepals: white, greenish to yellowish white or pink. The seeds are borne in achenes that are usually brown or black in colour and not winged.[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Koenigia was erected by Carl Linnaeus in 1767, initially for the type species Koenigia islandica.[2] The boundaries between genera in the family Polygonaceae, and the relationships among them, have long been a problem. At one time, many species were placed in the genus Polygonum. Koenigia is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae, tribe Persicarieae, whose taxonomic history has been described as "exceptionally convoluted, even by Polygonaceae standards".[2]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the subfamily Polygonoideae in 2015 showed that the genus Koenigia was polyphyletic with respect to the genus Aconogonon. An earlier study had reached a similar conclusion, and had suggested that extra genera be created to maintain monophyletic taxa.[3] The authors of the 2015 study preferred the alternative of merging the two genera,[2] a proposal accepted by other sources.[1] Using broad circumscriptions of the genera, the 2015 study suggested that relationships within the tribe Persicarieae were:[2]

Persicarieae
 

Persicaria (comprising sections Echinocaulon, Tovara and Cephalophilon)

 
 
 

Bistorta

 
 

Koenigia (including Aconogonon)

 
 
 

Species

As of February 2019, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[1]

  • Koenigia alaskana (Small) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia alpina (All.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia campanulata (Hook.f.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia cathayana (A.J.Li) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia chuanzangensis Z.Z.Zhou & Y.J.Min
  • Koenigia coriaria (Grig.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia cyanandra (Diels) Mesícek & Soják
  • Koenigia davisiae (W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia delicatula (Meisn.) H.Hara
  • Koenigia divaricata (L.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia × fennica f(Reiersen) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia fertilis Maxim.
  • Koenigia filicaulis (Wall. ex Meisn.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia forrestii (Diels) Mesícek & Soják
  • Koenigia hedbergii Bo Li & W.Du
  • Koenigia hookeri (Meisn.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia islandica L.
  • Koenigia jurii (A.K.Skvortsov) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia lichiangensis (W.W.Sm.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia limosa (Kom.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia mollis (D.Don) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia nepalensis D.Don
  • Koenigia nummularifolia (Meisn.) Mesícek & Soják
  • Koenigia ocreata (L.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia panjutinii (Kharkev.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia phytolaccifolia (Meisn. ex Small) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia pilosa Maxim.
  • Koenigia polystachya (Wall. ex Meisn.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia relicta (Kom.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia rumicifolia (Royle ex Bab.) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia songarica (Schrenk) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia tortuosa (D.Don) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia tripterocarpa (A.Gray) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia weyrichii (F.Schmidt) T.M.Schust. & Reveal
  • Koenigia yatagaiana (T.Mori) T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung

Distribution and habitat

Koenigia species are found in meadows, along stream banks, or on rocky slopes in arctic, temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere.[3]

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References
  1. "Koenigia L.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-02-24
  2. Schuster, Tanja M.; Reveal, James L.; Bayly, Michael J. & Kron, Kathleen A. (2015), "An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia", Taxon, 64 (6): 1188–1208, doi:10.12705/646.5
  3. Fan, D.-M.; Chen, J.-H.; Meng, Y.; Wen, J.; Huang, J.-L. & Yang, Y.-P. (2013), "Molecular phylogeny of Koenigia L. (Polygonaceae: Persicarieae): Implications for classification, character evolution and biogeography.", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69: 1093–1100, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.018
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