King County Metro fleet

As of 2017, King County Metro operates the 10th largest fleet of buses in the United States, with a total of 1,540 buses.[1]

Upon taking over transit operations on January 1, 1973, Metro used buses acquired from predecessor agencies Seattle Transit System and the Metropolitan Transit Company, still painted in their original colors.[2] Metro acquired the 91-bus fleet of the Metropolitan Transit Company in December 1972 at a cost of $2.75 million.[3] The first fleet of new 40-foot (12 m) buses ordered by Metro arrived in June 1976, consisting of 145 diesel coaches manufactured by AM General.[4] In 1978, Metro became the first large transit agency in North America to introduce articulated buses to its fleet, which required some bus stops to be rebuilt to accommodate 60-foot (18 m) coaches.[5][6][7] The fleet of 151 buses were manufactured by German maker MAN as part of a bulk order with other large U.S. transit agencies.[8]

Vehicle types

In 1978, Metro was the first large transit agency to order high-capacity articulated buses (buses with a rotating joint).[9] Today, King County Metro has one of the largest articulated fleets in North America (second only to MTA New York City Transit) and articulated buses account for about 42% of the agency's fleet.[10]

In 1979, the agency ordered some of the first wheelchair lift equipped coaches in the nation,[11][12] promising a completely new level of independence for disabled residents. Early lifts were severely flawed, but by the mid-1980s the lifts were generally reliable and were ordered on all new buses. Metro's entire fleet has been wheelchair-accessible since 1999.

Metro was reluctant to adopt low-floor buses, not buying any until 2003. Low-floor coaches have slightly reduced seating capacity (because the wheelwells intrude further into the passenger compartment) which may have been a concern. Whatever the reason for the delay, Metro has now embraced low-floor buses and all new fleet additions since 2003 have been low-floor and the last high-floor buses are scheduled to be retired in 2018.

Trolleys
See also: Trolleybuses in Seattle
Metro's first low-floor trolleybuses, New Flyer Xcelsior model XT40 vehicles, entered service in 2015.

Metro maintains a fleet of electric trolleybuses that serve 15 routes along almost 70 miles[13] of two-direction overhead wire. This is the second largest trolleybus system in the United States by ridership[14] and fleet size.[15] The trolleybuses are valued by Metro both as zero-emission vehicles,[16] and as vehicles well adapted to Seattle's hilly terrain.

Metro's trolleybus fleet consists of 174 entirely low-floor New Flyer Xcelsior coaches.[17] Of the total, 110 are 40-foot (12 m) vehicles (model XT40) and 64 are 60-foot (18 m), articulated buses (model XT60).[17] The buses include an auxiliary power unit, to allow them to operate off-wire for up to 3 miles (4.8 km).

Occasionally Metro will use diesel or diesel-electric hybrid coaches on trolley routes. Reasons for doing this include construction (weekends only),[18] overhead wire maintenance or events that require coaches to go long distances off-route, "coach changes" (replacing a bus in service that has developed a problem) or to add temporary additional capacity. The latter two cases sometimes lead to diesel buses being used, in order to get the replacement or supplementary vehicle into service as quickly as possible; diesel buses can reach the point of entry into service faster, as they do not need to follow the overhead wires when deadheading.

Diesel-electric hybrids
New Flyer DE60LF diesel-electric parallel hybrid bus operated by King County Metro

Metro operates the largest fleet of hybrid buses in the country. The first hybrid buses were purchased in 2004 for use with routes that operated in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel.[19] The National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a one-year comparative study between conventional diesel and hybrid-powered buses operating on a typical King County drive cycle. Results showed that the hybrid powered buses lowered fuel consumption by 23%; NOx by 18%; carbon monoxide (CO) by 60%; and total hydrocarbon (THC) by 56% when compared to conventional diesel buses. Those results have led Metro to purchase hybrid buses exclusively since 2005 (with the exception of the all-electric trolley buses).[20][21] Metro now has over 700 hybrid buses in the fleet, with more on order.

Hush mode

Buses equipped with the GM-Allison EP50 and the Allison H 50 EP parallel hybrid systems have a special "hush mode" that allows the buses to operate solely on electric power, reducing tailpipe emissions and noise while operating in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel.[19] Before entering the tunnel, the operator pushes a button that puts the coach into hush mode. While buses are inside stations, the coaches operate solely on electric propulsion (although, while the doors are closed, the engine still rotates in order to operate auxiliary loads). In between the tunnel's stations, the bus uses electric traction to get to 15 mph (24 km/h), after which a combination of the electric and diesel motors are used. The operation of the diesel engine allows the batteries to recharge. Hush mode is normally deactivated by the operator as they exit the tunnel, but the mode will be automatically deactivated after the coach has traveled a certain distance.

Series hybrids
Orion VII diesel-electric series hybrid bus operated by King County Metro

Metro's newest buses are equipped with the BAE Systems HybriDrive, a series hybrid system.[22] In these buses an electric motor turns the wheels, with power provided by a generator attached to a diesel engine and regenerative braking. Any excess power is stored in batteries on the roof of the bus. Because the diesel engine is not directly propelling the bus, it can operate at a more steady, fuel-efficient speed.

Buses delivered after 2014 are equipped with the upgraded HybriDrive Series-E which uses electrically powered accessory systems (alternator, air conditioning, air compressor, cooling fans and steering pump) to increase fuel efficiency and allow the diesel engine to stop when the bus is stopped and the batteries are sufficiently charged.

Battery electric buses

Metro began testing three new Proterra Catalyst battery electric buses in 2015.[23] The coaches are capable of traveling over 26 miles[24] before the battery needs to be recharged. A special fast charge station located at the Eastgate Park and Ride allow the bus to be fully recharged in under 10 minutes, during the driver's normally scheduled layover.[25] These new vehicles get the equivalent of 20.8 MPG, which is over 6 times better than the 3.18 MPG seen on Metro's series hybrid electric coaches.[26][27] The coaches were purchased with support from a $4.7 million Federal Transit Administration grant and entered revenue service on February 17, 2016.[28] They operate on shorter routes (due to their limited range) on the eastside, specifically Routes 226 and 241.[26][29]. Metro has committed to purchasing 120 electric buses with the option to purchase up to 80 additional vehicles by 2020. In 2017 and 2018, Metro tested electric buses with ranges of 140 miles from several manufacturers[30], and plans to have a zero-emissions bus fleet by 2040.

Historic preservation

Metro has a special fleet of more than a dozen historic motor buses and trolleybuses ranging from ones built in the late 1930s and early 1940s through to ones only recently retired. The coaches are restored, maintained and operated under an agreement with the Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association (MEHVA), a non-profit organization formed in 1981.[31] Metro maintains ownership of the historic fleet, providing coverage under its fleet self-insurance along with storage, work space and parts on an as available basis.

Money to operate the coaches and purchase parts not in Metro stock is generated by selling tickets to public excursions. The first trips took place in 1984, and nowadays MEHVA typically operates six to eight per year.[31] Each excursion has a different route and a different emphasis.

MEHVA was established in 1981, as Metro prepared to retire trolleybuses that had been operating in Seattle since the 1940s. Since that time, MEHVA acquired other retired transit vehicles which were formerly operated in King County. Often these retired coaches were purchased by private citizens and left on the owner's property for many decades, leaving them in need of restoration. The collection of vehicles has gradually expanded over time, with the addition of newly retired buses when deemed historically notable and not yet represented in the collection.

Current fleet roster
Make/Model Length Thumbnail Engine/
Transmission		 Propulsion Year Fleet Series
(Quantity)		 Notes
New Flyer DE60LF 60 feet diesel-electric hybrid (parallel) 2004 2600–2812
(213)[32]
  • First buses in fleet to be equipped with diesel-electric hybrid propulsion.[32]
  • Being retired since 2018, 175 units remain in service.
New Flyer DE60LF 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL
    • GM-Allison EP50
 diesel-electric hybrid (parallel) 2008–2009 6813–6865
(53)[33]
  • First articulated buses in fleet with separate air conditioning units for front and rear sections.
New Flyer DE60LFA 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL
    • GM-Allison EP50
 diesel-electric hybrid (parallel) 2009 6000–6019
(20)[33]
  • Dedicated to RapidRide routes.
  • Unit 6000 was built as a prototype and has a rear window, a feature that was eliminated from the production coaches.
Orion VII
(07.501 EPA10 HEV)		 40 feet diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2010–2012 7001–7199
(199)[33]
  • First buses in fleet to be equipped with series diesel-electric hybrid propulsion.
New Flyer DE60LFR 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL9
    • Allison H 50 EP
 diesel-electric hybrid (parallel) 2010–2012 6866–6999, 6800
(135)[33]
New Flyer DE60LFR 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL9
    • Allison H 50 EP
 diesel-electric hybrid (parallel) 2011–2013 6020–6035, 6040–6073, 6075–6117
(93)[33]
  • Dedicated to RapidRide routes.
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE35 35 feet
  • Cummins ISB6.7
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2014 3700–3759
(60)
  • First buses in fleet with HybriDrive Series-E system that shuts off diesel engine while stopped to decrease emissions and fuel consumption.
  • Buses originally ordered from Orion, order transferred to New Flyer after closure of Orion factory.[22]
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE40 40 feet
  • Cummins ISB6.7
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2015 7200–7259
(60)
  • Buses originally ordered from Orion, order transferred to New Flyer after closure of Orion factory.[22]
New Flyer Xcelsior XT40 40 feet
  • Vossloh Kiepe (electric drive system)
  • Škoda (motor)
 electric trolleybus 2014–2015 4300–4409
(110)
  • First trolleybuses in fleet with low-floor design, air conditioning and a battery power system to allow coaches to operate off-wire for short distances.[34]
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2015 6200–6219
(20)
  • Dedicated to RapidRide routes.
New Flyer Xcelsior XT60 60 feet
  • Vossloh Kiepe (electric drive system)
  • Škoda (motor)
 electric trolleybus 2015–2016 4500-4563
(64)
Proterra Catalyst 40 feet battery electric 2015 4601–4603
(3)
  • Capable of traveling over 26 miles between charges,[35] battery can be recharged at special "fast charge" stations in under 10 minutes.[36]
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2015–2016 8000–8084
(85)
  • Equipped with three doors for use on urban routes.
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins L9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2017–2018 8100–8199
(100)
  • Equipped with two doors for use on suburban routes.
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins ISL9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2018 8200–8299
(100)
  • Equipped with three doors for use on urban routes.
  • Coach 8261 is New Flyer's 10,000th Xcelsior.[37]
Proterra Catalyst 40 feet
  • UQM HD220
    • Eaton EEV-7202
 battery electric 2018 4604–4611
(8)
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins L9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2018 6220–6241
(22)
  • Dedicated to RapidRide routes.
Gillig Low Floor HEV 40' 40 feet
  • Cummins L9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2018 7300–7429
(130)
  • Replaced Gillig Phantom coaches.[38]
New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE XE40 40 feet
  • Siemens ELFA2
 battery electric 2018 1752-1753

(2)
  • Test buses
New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE XE60 60 feet
  • Siemens ELFA2
 battery electric 2018 1754-1755

(2)
  • Test buses
BYD K9 40 feet battery electric 2018 1756-1757

(2)
  • Test buses
New Flyer Xcelsior XDE60 60 feet
  • Cummins L9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2019 6242-6269
(28)
  • Ordered for the RapidRide H Line.
  • Has the features of a RapidRide bus, but will be wrapped in regular metro livery and operate regular routes until the opening of the H Line in 2021.[39]
  • Will replace some of the 2004 DE60LF's
Gillig Low Floor HEV 40' 40 feet
  • Cummins L9
    • BAE Systems HybriDrive Series-E
 diesel-electric hybrid (series) 2019 7430-7494
(65)

Future fleet
Make/Model Length Engine/Transmission Propulsion Year Quantity Notes
BYD K11 60 feet battery electric 2018 1758-1759

(2)
  • Test buses
Proterra Catalyst 40 feet
  • UQM HD220
    • Eaton EEV-7202
 battery electric 2019 4612–4623
(12)
  • Metro has an option to purchase an additional 50 buses
New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE XE60 60 feet battery electric 2021 (40)
  • Metro plans to order an additional 80 buses, 60 of which will be 40 feet[40]
  • 140-mile range with a 466 kWh battery

Historic fleet

These historic buses are owned by King County Metro, but are restored, maintained and operated by unpaid volunteers who are in the Metro Employee Historic Vehicle Association (MEHVA).

Make/ModelLengthThumbnailPropulsionYearPurchasing AgencyFleet Number
Kenworth H-30 Diesel 1938 Seattle Municipal Street Railway 1705
Twin Coach 30-G Diesel 1939 Seattle Transit System 231
Twin Coach GWFT 40 feet Electric trolleybus 1940 Seattle Transit System 905 (its original number when built; renumbered from 643 in 2018)[41]
PCF-Brill 40 SMT 40 feet Electric trolleybus 1940 Seattle Transit System 798
Twin Coach 44 GTT 40 feet Electric trolleybus 1943 Seattle Transit System 636
Pullman-Standard 41CA-100-44CX 40 feet Electric trolleybus 1944 Seattle Transit System 1005
Kenworth K-10 Diesel 1947 Suburban Transit System 86
Twin Coach 41-S Diesel 1948 Seattle Transit System 1705
General Motors TDH-5105 40 feet Diesel 1955 Seattle Transit System 263
General Motors TDH-4512 40 feet Diesel 1959 Metropolitan Transit Corporation 2962
Flxible New Look F2D6V-401-1 40 feet Diesel 1963 Seattle Transit System 598
General Motors New Look T8H-5305 40 feet Diesel 1968 Seattle Transit System 724
AM General 10240B 40 feet Diesel 1976 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 1122
AM General 10240T 40 feet Electric trolleybus 1979 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 1008
MAN/AM General SG 220-18-2 60 feet Diesel 1979 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 1455
Flyer D10240C 40 feet Diesel 1979 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 1657
MAN Americana SL40102L 40 feet Diesel 1987 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 3152
Breda DuoBus 350
(ADPB 350)		 60 feet Dual-mode
(diesel & electric trolley)		 1990 Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle 5034
Gillig Phantom 40102TBM11 40 feet Diesel 1997 King County Metro 3374
Gillig Phantom C28D102N4 40 feet Electric trolleybus 2002 King County Metro 4195

Retired fleet
See Trolleybuses in Seattle for a detailed history of Seattle's trolleybus fleet.
ThumbnailMake/ModelPropulsionMotor/PowertrainSeated
Capacity		LengthPurchasedRetiredQty.Fleet Numbers
Brill trolleyElectric trolleybusGE4040'19401963100700–799
Twin Coach trolleyElectric trolleybusWestinghouse4140'19401978177800–976 originally (counting 24 slightly larger units, built in 1943); remaining coaches in 1974 renumbered into series 600–659. No. 905 preserved by Metro (originally as 643, from 1982–2018).[41]
Pullman-Standard trolleyElectric trolleybusGE4440'1944197830977–1006 originally; 642–655 from 1974 until end of service (after some retirements and renumberings). No. 1005 preserved by Metro.
GMC TDH-5105Diesel5140'19551982105200–304. No. 263 has been preserved by Metro.[42]
Flxible
"New Look"		DieselDetroit Diesel 6V715140'19631986[43]100500-599[43]
GMC
"New Look" T8H-5305		DieselDetroit Diesel 8V71N/ Allison VS2-84840'1968198770700-769
AMG 10240B8DieselDetroit Diesel 8V71N (1100-1313) Detroit Diesel 8V71T (1340-1349) Allison V7304540'197619963231100–1313; 1340-1349
MAN SG-220DieselMAN D2566 MLUM/ Renk-Doromat 874B7260'1978–197919991511400-1550
Flyer D900DieselCummins VTB903/ Allison V7304740'197919972241600-1823
AMG 10240TElectric trolleybusGE4540'19792003109900-1009 (no 911)[44]
Flyer D900DieselCummins VTB903/ Allison V7303935'19801997351850-1884
MAN SG-310DieselMAN D2566 MLUM/ Renk-Doromat 874B7060'1982–198320012022000-2201
MAN AmericanaDieselMAN D2566 MLUH/ Renk-Doromat 874B4440'1986–198720041573000-3146; 3150-3159[45]
MAN ETBElectric trolleybusSiemens[46][47]6460'19872007464000-4045[48]
Breda DuoBus 350
(ADPB 350)		Dual-mode

(diesel & electric trolley)

 Diesel:

Detroit Diesel 6V92TA/ ZF 4HP600
Electric Trolley: AEG/Westinghouse

 5660'1988–199120052365000–5235
Electric trolleybus conversionAEG/Westinghouse5660'1988–1991
(converted
2004–2007)		2016594200–4258[49]
  • Last Breda trolleybus to be retired was unit 4243 on route 36 on October 27, 2016
Gillig PhantomDieselCummins M11/ Allison B400R Gen III3435'19972015133185-3199[50]
New Flyer D60HFDieselCummins M11/ Allison B500R Gen III6460'1998–199920182742300–2573[51]
Gillig PhantomElectric trolleybusGE (refurbished by Alstom)4240'200220161004100–4199[52]
New Flyer D60LFDieselCaterpillar C9/ Allison B500R Gen IV5660'2004201830

2870–2899(30)[53]

StarTrans President LFDieselGMC/Duramax Allison 1000 series1928'20092013351900-1934
  • Retired due to design flaws[54]
Gillig Phantom Diesel Cummins M11/Allison WB-400R 42 40' 1996–1999 2019 395 3200-3594
  • Last coach to be retired was unit 3430 on route 269 on September 24, 2019.
  • 3243 met an extra early retirement when it caught fire at Ryerson Base on January 21, 2011
  • 3255, 3311, 3328, 3388, and 3520 were all scrapped at Tacoma General Metals in 2011-2012.
  • 3341 and 3416 were sold to Pullman Transit.
  • 3276 was sold to the Lewis & Clark College's Pioneer Express shuttle in Portland, OR and renumbered 327.
  • 3210 and 3317 became party buses and are currently listed for sale.
  • 3349 listed on Craigslist in June 2018.
  • 3364 was sold to the Seattle police department and renumbered 32097.
  • 3479 was bought by The North Idaho Discovery Association, Inc., DBA Discover Technology in Boise, ID and converted into a classroom. Currently listed for sale.
Gillig Phantom Diesel Cummins ISC/Allison WB-400R 30 30' 1999-2000 2020 95

1100-1194

  • Last 4 coaches in service were 1104 and 1127 on Route 200, 1114 on Route 236/238 on March 20,2020, and 1187 on Route 200 on March 10,2020.
New Flyer D40LF Diesel Cummins ISL/Voith 864.3 35 40' 2003 2020 100

3600-3699

  • Last two coaches to be retired were 3660 and 3680 on route 65/67 on April 8,2020.
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See also

References
  1. Roman, Alex (September 25, 2017) [print edition of September–October 2017, pp. 28]. "2017 Top 100 Transit Bus Fleets Survey" (PDF). Metro Magazine. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  2. "Metro OK's contracts with two transit lines". The Seattle Times. December 8, 1972. p. E7.
  3. Lane, Bob (December 1, 1972). "One query asked at Metro bus hearing". The Seattle Times. p. A15.
  4. Lane, Bob (June 2, 1976). "New buses're here—with quite a difference". The Seattle Times. p. C1.
  5. Oldham, Kit (June 18, 2006). "Metro: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
  6. Lane, Bob (August 14, 1978). "Bending buses, new lanes pass first test". The Seattle Times. p. A14.
  7. Anderson, Ross (August 1, 1978). "Rush-hour bus lanes OK'd for downtown". The Seattle Times. p. A14.
  8. "Shipping on U.S. vessels with increase cost of Metro buses". The Seattle Times. October 6, 1978. p. C8.
  9. Oldham, Kit (June 18, 2006). "Metro: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  10. King County Metro (October 2013). "2012 Annual Management Report" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  11. Voris, Michael. "The evolution of Metro buses - video transcript". Metro Online. King County Metro. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  12. Crowley, Walt (1993). Routes: an interpretive history of public transportation in metropolitan Seattle. Seattle: Crowley Associates. pp. 2, 3.
  13. "Facts". King County Metro. April 16, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  14. "APTA Ridership Report: First Quarter 2009 - Trolleybus Agencies" (PDF). Public Transportation Ridership Statistics. American Public Transportation Association. June 8, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
  15. Webb, Mary (Ed.) (2009). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009-2010. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2903-6.
  16. Metro Vehicles King County Metro.
  17. "King County launches next generation of electric trolleys and previews new battery-powered bus". King County Metro. August 18, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  18. "Trolley buses". King County Metro. December 5, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
  19. Chandler, K; K. Walkowicz (December 2006). "King County Metro Transit Hybrid Articulated Buses: Final Evaluation Results" (PDF). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  20. "New Flyer Receives Order for Up To 715 Buses From King County Metro Totaling Up To US $514 Million" Archived September 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  21. "Federal stimulus grant delivers more buses for Metro". Auburn Reporter. July 14, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  22. Piellisch, Rich (February 12, 2013). "New Flyer Hybrids for Seattle". Fleets and Fuels. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  23. Constantine, Dow (August 18, 2015). "King County launches next generation of electric trolleys and previews new battery-powered bus". King County Metro. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  24. Proterra (July 2014). "Proterra Specifications" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2014.
  25. Proterra. "Proterra FAQ". Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2014. ...fast-charge, which allows the bus to charge in less than 10 minutes during regularly scheduled stops but requires more frequent charging.
  26. "Metro to test battery-electric buses" (PDF). King County Metro. Summer 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  27. Ranganathan, Shefali (March 2007). "Hybrid buses costs and benefits" (PDF). Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  28. "Executive Constantine launches Metro Transit's first all-electric battery-powered bus" (Press release). King County Metro. February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  29. Constantine, Dow (February 17, 2016). "King County Metro Transit launches first all-electric battery-powered bus". King County Metro. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  30. Constantine, Dow (November 20, 2018). "King County Metro will test long-range battery-powered buses that can travel more than 140 miles on a single charge". King County Metro. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  31. Tan, Vinh (October 15, 2009). "Take a ride down memory lane — or to see fall foliage — aboard a vintage transit bus". The Seattle Times. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
  32. King County Metro. "New Flyer Articulated Low Floor Hybrid Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  33. "King County Metro Transit". Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  34. "Metro to partner with New Flyer on next generation of electric trolley buses". King County Metro. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  35. Proterra. "Proterra Specifications" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  36. Proterra. "Proterra FAQ". Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014. ...fast-charge, which allows the bus to charge in less than 10 minutes during regularly scheduled stops but requires more frequent charging.
  37. "New Flyer Celebrates Delivery of 10,000th Xcelsior Bus and Evolution in Transit Innovation - New Flyer | North America's Bus Leader". New Flyer | North America’s Bus Leader. 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
  38. "East Campus Base Operations Bulletin" (PDF). King County Metro. November 29, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
  39. "King County Metro Transit 6242-6269". Canadian Public Transit Discussion Board. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  40. "Executive Constantine announces purchase of up to 120 battery-electric buses from New Flyer of America, Inc". King County. January 30, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  41. Trolleybus Magazine (UK) No. 342 (November–December 2018), p. 235. ISSN 0266-7452
  42. "Our Fleet". Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  43. "Seattle Transit System 598". Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  44. "Metro 1008". Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  45. "MAN Standard Diesel Bus". King County Department of Transportation. 2003-05-28. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
  46. Trolleybus Magazine (UK) No. 141 (May–June 1985), p. 72. ISSN 0266-7452.
  47. Bushell, Chris (ed.) (1994). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1994–95, p. 539. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1156-0.
  48. "Retired - MAN Articulated Trolley Bus". King County Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
  49. King County Metro. "Breda Articulated Trolley Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  50. King County Metro. "Gillig Standard Diesel Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  51. King County Metro. "New Flyer Articulated Diesel Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  52. King County Metro. "Gillig Trolley Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  53. King County Metro. "New Flyer Articulated Low Floor Bus". metro.kingcounty.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  54. Lindblom, Mike (October 26, 2013). "Metro gets $4.7M settlement over unwanted buses". The Seattle Times. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
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