Kilvey Hill transmitting station

The Kilvey Hill transmitting station was originally built at the summit of Kilvey Hill in Swansea, Wales, by the BBC[1] in 1967 as a relay for VHF and UHF television. VHF television came on air a few months before the UHF services. As built, the station did not radiate VHF FM radio, this was added later. Currently, the hill's transmitters cater for viewers and listeners in the Swansea and Neath Port Talbot area. The transmission station located on top of Kilvey Hill is owned and operated by Arqiva.

Kilvey Hill
Kilvey Hill transmitting station (Swansea)
Tower height45 metres (148 ft)
Coordinates51.629167°N 3.920278°W / 51.629167; -3.920278
Grid referenceSS672940
Built1967
BBC regionBBC Wales
ITV regionITV Wales

Freeview digital terrestrial TV was already available at low power from this transmitter before the digital switchover process began, with the first stage taking place on Wednesday 12 August 2009. The second stage was completed on Wednesday 9 September 2009, with the transmitter becoming the first in Wales to complete digital switchover. After the switchover process, analogue channels ceased broadcasting permanently and the Freeview power increased from 383 W ERP to 2 kW ERP, a 7 dB power increase.[2]

Channels listed by frequency

Analogue television

December 1967 - 17 February 1968

Kilvey Hill provided BBC 405-line VHF television to the Neath and Port Talbot area which is strongly shielded by local hills[3] from the Wenvoe transmitter just to the west of Cardiff. Kilvey Hill was a relay of the Wenvoe transmitter. Despite being sited at Swansea, no effort was made to provide the VHF TV signal to Swansea itself - the town was already deemed to be well served by Wenvoe.

Frequency VHF kW Service
51.75 MHz 2 0.5 BBC1 Wales

17 February 1968 - 28 January 1972

A BBC R&D report[4] details the coming of 625-line UHF television to the Kilvey Hill site. This again was with the station acting as an off-air relay of Wenvoe, which was (at that point) only transmitting BBC 2 (in colour) on 625-lines. This time, the northern parts of Swansea were intended to be covered by the signal as local hills (including Kilvey Hill itself) shielded those parts of the town from the UHF signal from Wenvoe.

Frequency VHF UHF kW Service
51.75 MHz 2 — 0.5 BBC1 Wales
511.25 MHz — 26 10 BBC2 Wales

28 January 1972 - 1 November 1982

BBC 1 and HTV Wales came on air from Wenvoe in April 1970, but it was nearly two years later[5] before Kilvey Hill started to relay those channels.

Frequency VHF UHF kW Service
51.75 MHz 2 — 0.5 BBC1 Wales
487.25 MHz — 23 10 HTV Wales
511.25 MHz — 26 10 BBC2 Wales
567.25 MHz — 33 10 BBC1 Wales

1 November 1982 - Second Quarter 1983

Channel 4 launched across the UK in 1982. Kilvey Hill (being in Wales) transmitted the S4C variant.

Frequency VHF UHF kW Service
51.75 MHz 2 — 0.5 BBC1 Wales
487.25 MHz — 23 10 HTV Wales
511.25 MHz — 26 10 BBC2 Wales
535.25 MHz — 29 10 S4C
567.25 MHz — 33 10 BBC1 Wales

Second Quarter 1983 - 15 July 1997

405 line television was discontinued early,[6] and from then onwards TV transmissions were on UHF only.

Frequency UHF kW Service
487.25 MHz 23 10 HTV Wales
511.25 MHz 26 10 BBC2 Wales
535.25 MHz 29 10 S4C
567.25 MHz 33 10 BBC1 Wales

15 July 1997 - 15 November 1998

During 1997, Channel 5 gained an analogue channel from some transmitters and Kilvey Hill was one of them. The site radiated all five UK terrestrial analogue television services at 10 kW until digital switchover was completed on 9 September 2009.

Frequency UHF kW Service
487.25 MHz 23 10 HTV Wales
511.25 MHz 26 10 BBC Two Wales
535.25 MHz 29 10 S4C
567.25 MHz 33 10 BBC One Wales
583.25 MHz 35 10 Channel 5

Analogue and digital television

15 November 1998 - 12 August 2009

The initial rollout of digital television in the UK involved radiating the signals at low power in between the existing analogue channels. The apparent use of channels "21" and "22-" for muxes "C" and "2" respectively might look like a mistake, but is confirmed by OFCOM's site.[7]

Frequency UHF kW Operator System
474.000 MHz 21 0.1 Arqiva (Mux C) DVB-T
481.833 MHz 22- 0.6 Digital 3&4 (Mux 2) DVB-T
487.25 MHz 23 10 ITV Wales (HTV until 2002) PAL System I
505.833 MHz 25- 0.6 BBC (Mux 1) DVB-T
511.25 MHz 26 10 BBC Two Wales PAL System I
529.833 MHz 28- 0.3 SDN (Mux A) DVB-T
535.25 MHz 29 10 S4C PAL System I
553.833 MHz 31- 0.1 Arqiva (Mux D) DVB-T
561.833 MHz 32- 0.6 BBC (Mux B) DVB-T
567.25 MHz 33 10 BBC One Wales PAL System I
583.25 MHz 35 10 Channel 5 PAL System I

12 August 2009 - 9 September 2009

The UK's digital switchover commenced with Kilvey Hill on 12 August 2009. Analogue BBC Two Wales on channel 26 was first to close, and ITV Wales was moved from channel 23 to channel 26 for its last month of service. With it went Mux 1 from channel 25- to be replaced by the new BBC A mux which started up in 64-QAM and at full power (i.e. 2 kW) on channel 23 which had just been vacated in the shuffle.

Frequency UHF kW Operator System
474.000 MHz 21 0.1 Arqiva (Mux C) DVB-T
481.833 MHz 22- 0.6 Digital 3&4 (Mux 2) DVB-T
490.000 MHz 23 2 BBC A DVB-T
511.25 MHz 26 10 ITV Wales PAL System I
529.833 MHz 28- 0.3 SDN (Mux A) DVB-T
535.25 MHz 29 10 S4C PAL System I
553.833 MHz 31- 0.1 Arqiva (Mux D) DVB-T
561.833 MHz 32- 0.6 BBC (Mux B) DVB-T
567.25 MHz 33 10 BBC One Wales PAL System I
583.25 MHz 35 10 Channel 5 PAL System I

Digital television

9 September 2009 - present

The remaining analogue TV services were closed down, the digital multiplexes took over their original frequencies (and a few new ones) with a power increase and a move to 64-QAM encoding. The service covers Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and parts of South Wales including Cowbridge and the Vale of Glamorgan where the Wenvoe Transmitters’ signals are shielded by hills.

Frequency UHF kW Operator
482.000 MHz 22 2 Arqiva A
490.000 MHz 23 2 BBC A
506.000 MHz 25 2 SDN
514.000 MHz 26 2 Digital 3&4
530.000 MHz 28 2 Arqiva B
538.000 MHz 29 2 BBC B

Analogue radio (VHF FM)

30 September 1974 - Early 1980s

The first FM radio from the site was Wales' first independent radio station, Swansea Sound.[8]

Frequency kW Service Description
95.1 MHz 1.0 Swansea Sound Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s

Early 1980s - 1989

Swansea Sound changed frequency to 96.4 MHz as required by a new bandplan for Band II broadcasting which placed BBC stations below 96 MHz and Independent Local Radio stations above that. The band limit was 98 MHz at that point. BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio Cymru commenced from the site sometime before 1988 as the BBC's Service Area map of 1988 shows.[9]

Frequency kW Service Description
89.5 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 2 Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 3 Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio Cymru Welsh language service
96.4 MHz 1.5 Swansea Sound Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s

1989 - 30 September 1995

The 1988 bandplan for Band II raised the upper limit for broadcasting to 100 MHz and Radio 1 gained its own frequency.

Frequency kW Service Description
89.5 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 2 Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 3 Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio Cymru Welsh language service
96.4 MHz 1.5 Swansea Sound Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 1 New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk

30 September 1995 - 1997

Swansea Sound changed its name first to "96.4 Sound Wave" then (quickly) to 96.4 The Wave.

Frequency kW Service Description
89.5 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 2 Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 3 Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio Cymru Welsh language service
96.4 MHz 1.5 The Wave Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 1 New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk

1997 - present

Classic FM came on air in 1997, the other new services have joined at various times since then. Radio Cymru has moved to 104.2 MHz with BBC Radio Wales taking over the vacated 93.9 MHz slot.

Frequency kW Service Description
89.5 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 2 Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 3 Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio Wales A music-led service, with talk and entertainment revolving around Wales
94.6 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 4 Speech, news and current affairs
96.4 MHz 1.5 The Wave Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio 1 New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk
101.3 MHz 0.5 Classic FM Classical music
102.1 MHz 1.25 Swansea Bay Radio Contemporary Hit Radio[10]
104.2 MHz 0.925 BBC Radio Cymru Welsh language service
106.0 MHz 1 Heart South Wales Adult contemporary, news, entertainment and sports. Formerly Real Radio
107.3 MHz 1.25 Nation Radio Rock music

Digital radio (DAB)
Frequency Block kW Operator
222.064 MHz 11D 1 Digital One
223.936 MHz 12A 2 Swansea SW Wales
225.648 MHz 12B 4.1 BBC National DAB
229.072 MHz 12D 1.2 MuxCo Mid & West Wales
216.928 MHz 11A 5 SDL National

The digital radio signal covers Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and parts of South Wales including Cowbridge and the Vale of Glamorgan where the Wenvoe Transmitters’ signals are shielded by hills.

gollark: ... no.
gollark: I should always be portrayed as speaking through some sort of remote chat thing to leave it a mystery to the audience about whether I'm a person or just a swarm of bees dressed as one with internet access, or possibly a rogue AI or, as andrew says, a probabilistic anomaly.
gollark: Well, for accuracy, I should never be actually pictured and always appear remotely somehow.
gollark: And the AutoBotRobot/Esobot rivalries.
gollark: Also, you need the everpresent threat of PotatOS orbital laser satellites.

References
  1. http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/reports/1968-50.pdf
  2. "Freeview on Kilvey Hill TV transmitter". ukfree.tv. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  3. "Reception, Port Talbot area (Hansard, 2 June 1964)". Hansard.millbanksystems.com. 1964-06-02. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  4. http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/reports/1968-05.pdf
  5. "Welcome to the Gallery Upgrader". Txlib.mb21.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  6. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2012-04-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "UK Television Reception Advice". Ofcom.org.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  8. "Welcome to the Gallery Upgrader". Txlib.mb21.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  9. Mike Brown. "mb21 - The Transmission Gallery". Tx.mb21.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  10. "National Grid Wireless wins 102.1 Swansea Bay Radio contract". National Grid Wireless. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
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