Kedumim

Kedumim (Hebrew: קְדוּמִים‎, Kdumim), is an Israeli settlement organized as a local council located in the northern West Bank. Founded on Hanukkah 1975 by members of the Gush Emunim settlement movement, it later became a local council. In 2019 it had a population of 4,544.

Kedumim

  • קְדוּמִים‎‎
  • كدوميم‎
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Qdumim
 • Also spelledQedumim (official)
Kedumim
Kedumim
Coordinates: 32°12′55.98″N 35°9′30.03″E
RegionWest Bank
DistrictJudea and Samaria Area
Founded1975
Government
 • TypeLocal council
 • Head of MunicipalityHananel Dorani
Area
 • Total2,313 dunams (2.313 km2 or 572 acres)
Population
 (2019)[1]
 • Total4,544
 • Density2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi)
Name meaning"The Ancients"

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[2][3][4]

History
Mishkan Meir Central Synagogue
Garden in Kedumim

According to ARIJ, Israel had between 1967 and 1993 confiscated land from three Palestinian villages to construct the various parts of Kedumim:

In late 1974, a group affiliated with Gush Emunim named Garin Elon Moreh, led by Rabbi Menachem Felix and Benny Katzover, attempted to establish a settlement on the ruins of the Sebastia train station dating from the Ottoman period. An Israeli cabinet resolution, passed 17–2 with 3 abstentions, found the settlement illegal in 1975.[8] After several attempts to remove residents from the site by the Israel Defense Forces, an agreement was reached in which 25 families were permitted to settle in Kadum, an army camp southwest of Nablus. The small mobile home site developed into the town of Kedumim. The Sebastia agreement was a turning point that opened up the northern West Bank to Jewish settlement.

From 1977 on, the government of Menachim Begin strongly backed settlement at Kedumim. Begin visited on 19 May and declared "We stand on the land of liberated Israel."[8] In July, his government granted full legal status to Kedumim (then numbering around 100 settlers), Ofra, and Maaleh Adumim.[8]

Several residents of Kedumim have been killed in Palestinian political violence. Rabbi Binyamin Herling (64), a Holocaust survivor, was killed at Mount Ebal by Palestinian security forces and Fatah members who opened fire on a group of men, women, and children.[9][10][11] The Kedumim bombing, on May 30, 2006, occurred when a suicide bomber disguised as an Orthodox Jewish hitchhiker blew himself up inside a car that stopped to pick him up near the gas station at the entrance to the village.[12][13] The blast killed four Israelis: Rafi Halevy (63),[14] Helena Halevy (58),[15] Re'ut Feldman (20),[16][17] and Shaked Lasker (16).[18] Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility. On November 19, 2007, Ido Zoldan (29) was killed in a shooting attack near Kedumim when Palestinian militants opened fire on his car.[19][20]

Local Council

When Shomron Regional Council was established, Kedumim was one of its villages. In 1992, as the population in Kedumim was over 3,000, a Local Council was established with a mayor from outside – Yosef Kapakh. In 1996 were the first elelctions, and Danielle Weiss was elected, the first woman in this job in Israel. After two cadences, in 2007, Hananel Dorani has elected. Dorani is a vice-Brigade commander in reserve in the IDF, living in the village from 1992 after marrying one of its residents. In 2013 Local Elections in Israel, Dorani kept his job after none was against him. In 2018 Local Elections in Israel, Dorani won Roee Massuri and kept his job for the third time.

Education

The residents of Kedumim have placed an emphasis on education and developed several local institutions, including: day care centers, kindergartens, two elementary schools, the Bnei Chayil Yeshiva, the Har Efrayim Yeshiva, the Lehava Ulpana High School (1,000 girls), as well as a local music academy, and a public library.[21]

Yeshivat Bnei Chayil Shomron is a high school yeshiva established in 1998[22] to provide an Orthodox Jewish education for boys with ADD and ADHD.[23] It is considered a unique facility in central Israel not limited to local students. Students in grades 7–12 are divided into classes which are limited to a maximum of fifteen boys. The school in Kedumim was originally a branch of a Jerusalem school of the same name founded by Dr. Stuart Chesner.

Economy

While many residents work outside the settlement, many are employed locally in education, as well as several agricultural enterprises working with greenhouses and orchards. The Bar-On Industrial Park on 1,200 dunums (120 hectares, 297 acres) of land is within the municipal boundaries of Kedumim. Kedumim 3000, operated by Nahman Zoldan, is a construction firm headquartered in the settlement.[24] The firm has worked on construction projects throughout the West Bank and East Jerusalem.[25][26]

Status under international law

The international community considers Israeli settlements a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention.[27] Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.[28][29]

According to B'Tselem, portions of Kedumim were built on privately owned Palestinian land. There are additionally two Israeli outposts adjacent to Kedumim, one of which is also built on privately owned Palestinian land, according to B'tselem.[30]

Notable residents
gollark: Trump is arguably one of the most powerful people on Earth.
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gollark: I mean, depending on what access I had, it might be possible to promote tweets to be seen by significantly more people, which could be interesting.
gollark: Yes, yes, that's fairly obvious.
gollark: If there's an official golang twitter account, make it tweet "lol no generics".

See also

References
  1. "Population in the Localities 2019" (XLS). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  2. "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. December 10, 2009. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  3. Daniella Weiss: 62, mayor of the Jewish settlement of Kedumim, near Nablus, in the West Bank The Guardian, June 4, 2007
  4. Mass arrests create new foes for Israel The Guardian. March 15, 2002
  5. Kafr Qaddum Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 15
  6. Immatin Village Profile (including Far’ata Locality), ARIJ, p. 17
  7. Jit village profile, ARIJ, pp. 15–16
  8. Gerson, Allan (September 28, 1978). Israel, the West Bank and International Law. Psychology Press. p. 150. ISBN 9780714630915.
  9. "Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  10. "Those killed by "light weapons" issued by Peres and Rabin to the PLO". Israel National News. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  11. "Binyamin Herling" (PDF). One Family Fund.
  12. "Suicide bomber strikes in Kedumim". Ynet.
  13. "Bomber strikes Israeli settlement". March 31, 2006. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  14. "Rafi Halevy". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  15. "Helena Halevy". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  16. "Re'ut Feldman". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  17. Azoulay, Yuval (April 2, 2006). "Re'ut Feldman, 20". Haaretz. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  18. "Shaked Lasker". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  19. "Ido Zoldan". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  20. "Israeli killed in West Bank terror attack". Ynetnews. November 20, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  21. http://www.kedumim.org.il/?CategoryID=213
  22. "ישיבת בני חיל – יום פתוח בח´ אלול 23/8/15". bnh.org.il.
  23. About the Yehsiva
  24. https://www.haaretz.com/1.4977079
  25. https://www.haaretz.com/1.4977079
  26. https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/victims/pages/ido%20zoldan.aspx
  27. The settlers' struggle BBC News. December 19, 2003
  28. Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Archived July 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice, July 9, 2004. pp. 44–45
  29. Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem
  30. The settlement of Kedumim B'tselem January 1, 2011
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