Katharine Furse

Dame Katharine Furse, GBE, RRC (née Symonds; 23 November 1875 – 25 November 1952) was a British nursing and military administrator. She led the British Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment force during the First World War, and served as the inaugural Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (1917–19). Furse was also the first Director of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (1928–38).

Dame Katharine Furse
Katharine Furse (Glyn Philpot, 1920)
Born	(1875-11-23)23 November 1875 Bristol, England
Died	25 November 1952(1952-11-25) (aged 77) London, England
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Women's Royal Naval Service
Rank	Director
Commands held	Women's Royal Naval Service (1917–19)
Battles/wars	First World War
Awards	Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire Royal Red Cross
Spouse(s)	Charles Wellington Furse ​ ( m. 1900; died 1904)
Relations	John Addington Symonds (father) Marianne North (aunt)
Other work	Director of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (1928–38)

Early life and family

Furse was born in Bristol, England, on 23 November 1875, the daughter of poet and critic John Addington Symonds and Janet Catherine North. Her aunt was the painter Marianne North. Educated by governesses and her mother, Furse spent most of her early life in Switzerland and Italy. In 1900 she married the painter Charles Wellington Furse, who died four years later leaving her with two young children. Peter Reynolds Furse (1901) and Rear Admiral John Paul Wellington Furse (13 October 1904 – 8 October 1978).

Military career

In 1909 Furse joined the British Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachment attached to the Territorial Army. In 1911, she was lodging with the Beresford-Lane family at 66 Elm Park Gardens, Chelsea. [1]

On the outbreak of the First World War she was chosen to head the first Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) unit to be sent to France. Aware of her administrative abilities, the authorities decided to place her in charge of the VAD Department in London.[2]

Furse realised that the existing number of nurses would prove totally inadequate to deal with the enormous amount of work which might be expected, and in September 1914 she proceeded to France with a number of assistants, these forming the nucleus of the VAD force. In January 1915 she returned to England, and the VAD work was then officially recognised as a department of the Red Cross organisation. She received the Royal Red Cross and was named a Lady of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem[3] in 1916, and was appointed a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in June 1917.[4] Although she considered it a great success being head of the Voluntary Aid Detachment, Furse was unhappy about her lack of power to introduce reforms. In November 1917, she and several of her senior colleagues resigned due to a dispute over the living conditions of the VAD volunteers and the Red Cross refusal to co-ordinate with the Woman's Army group.[5][6]

Furse was immediately offered the post as director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS), this was equivalent to the rank of rear admiral.[7] The Royal Navy was the first of the armed forces to recruit women and since 1916 the Women's Royal Naval Service took over the role of cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, code experts and electricians.[6] The women were so successful that other organisations such as the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and the Royal Air Force; the Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) were also established.

Post-war

After the war, Furse joined the travel agency of Sir Henry Lunn (later known as Lunn Polly). Working mainly in Switzerland, she became an expert skier and did a great deal to popularise the sport with British tourists.[7] Her achievements were acknowledged when she became President of the Ladies' Ski Club.[2]

In 1920, Furse formed the Association of Wrens and this led to her becoming head of the Sea Rangers (formerly known as the Sea Guides),[7] and for ten years, from 1928 to 1938, was director of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts,[7] whose constitution she drafted.[8] Furse's autobiography, Hearts and Pomegranates, was published in 1940.[9] Her last public appearance was at the Conference of Former Scouts in London in September 1952. Furse died in London two months later, and two days after her 77th birthday.[10]

Legacy

There is a blue plaque in Furse's honour at her birthplace, Clifton Hill House, Lower Clifton Hill, Hotwells, in Bristol. It was unveiled on 7 September 2017, following a campaign by the Association of Wrens. The building is now a hall of residence for Bristol University. [11]

References

1. "We remember: Katherine Furse". Imperial War Museum.
2. "Dame Katharine Furse (1875–1952), Nurse and nursing administrator; director of the Women's Royal Naval Service". npg.org.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
3. "No. 12949". The Edinburgh Gazette. 9 June 1916. p. 1059.
4. Ursula Stuart Mason BritanniaÍs Daughters, p. 7, at Google Books
5. Peter Stansky -The Worlds of Philip and Sybil, p. 84, at Google Books
6. Archives, The National (29 November 2017). "The National Archives - Domestic duties only? WRNS and the First World War". The National Archives blog. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
7. William Stewart Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present, p. 137, at Google Books
8. Tammy M. Proctor Scouting for Girls: A Century of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, p. 70, at Google Books
9. Cathy Hartley A Historical Dictionary of British Women at Google Books
10. "Director Dame Katharine Furse nee Symonds". livesofthefirstworldwar.org. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
11. "Dame Katharine Furse". Bristol Civic Society.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Furse, Charles Wellington". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 365.

External links

• Works by Katharine Furse at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Katharine Furse at Internet Archive
• Scouting Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959, p. 203

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
New title	World Association Director 1928—1938	Succeeded by Arethusa Leigh-White