Kapunda

Kapunda is a town on the Light River and near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits.

For other uses, see Kapunda.

Kapunda
South Australia
Looking towards the Baptist church
Kapunda
Coordinates34°20′20″S 138°55′00″E
Population2,917 (2016 census)[1]
Established1839
Postcode(s)5373
Elevation245 m (804 ft)
Location77 km (48 mi) north of Adelaide
LGA(s)Light Regional Council
State electorate(s)Stuart
Federal Division(s)Barker
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
21.6 °C
71 °F		 9.8 °C
50 °F		 493.8 mm
19.4 in
Localities around Kapunda:
Tarlee Allendale North, Hamilton Bagot Well
Bethel Kapunda Koonunga
Fords St Johns

The southern entrance to the town has been dominated since 1988 by the 8-metre-tall statue of Map Kernow ("the son of Cornwall"), a traditional Cornish miner. The statue was destroyed by a fire on the morning of 1 June 2006 [2] but has since been rebuilt by its creator, Ben van Zetten.

History

Francis Dutton and Charles Bagot, who both ran sheep in the area, discovered copper ore outcrops in 1842. They purchased 80 acres (32 ha) around the outcrop, beginning mining early in 1844 after good assay results. Mining began with the removal of surface ore and had progressed to underground mining by the end of the year.[3] Copper was mined until 1879. There are also quarries near the town which provide fine marble ranging from dark blue to white.[4] Marble from the Kapunda quarries was used to face Parliament House in Adelaide, and the pedestal of the statue of Venus on North Terrace, Adelaide is made of Sicilian and Kapunda marble.[5]

Ore was initially exported to Swansea, Wales, but later Welsh smelters migrated to South Australia and the ore was smelted locally by 1851.[6] Typically, the miners were Cornish, labourers were Irish and smelter specialists were Welsh. Trade and agriculture were Scottish and English. German farmers and timber cutters at nearby Bethel had already been in the area.[7] Underground mining became more difficult as the mines reached deeper. A steam engine to drive a water pump was installed in 1847, replaced by a larger one in 1851. In 1865, the mine was leased to a Scottish company which switched to open cut mining methods and replaced the smelters with a different treatment method (cooking the ore with salt to produce copper chloride). Copper prices fell in 1877 and the mine closed in 1879.[8] Mining operations ground to a halt in 1851 with the impact of the Victorian gold rush, restarted in 1855.[9]

Kapunda Railway Station in 1908

A railway from Adelaide was opened in 1860, and extended to Eudunda and Morgan in 1878.

The Corporate Town of Kapunda was established in 1865 to form a local governing body for the township and the District Council of Kapunda was established the following year to govern the surrounds.

Kapunda had a strong Catholic community and Saint Mary MacKillop visited and established a convent there. St John's Reformatory for Girls operated from 1897 to 1909.[10]

Kapunda is famous as the home of Sir Sidney Kidman. He was a major cattle pastoralist who at one time owned 68 properties with a total area larger than the British Isles. He held annual horse sales at Kapunda with up to 3,000 horses sold during the week. His house, Eringa, was donated to the Education Department, and is still used as the administration building for Kapunda High School.

The town also has the unfortunate honour of being titled the most haunted town in Australia after a television documentary focused on the town. Most locals were not amused, however it has led to an increase in the number of tourists that visit the area. Owing to this, the ruins of the Reformatory, located outside the town, were bulldozed, although some locals still believe in the ghost stories popular in town. The town is also close to the historical Anlaby Station and the manor, houses, gardens and other buildings on the property, many of which are being restored by its current owners.

The Kapunda Historical Society runs a museum housed in the historic Baptist Church building, constructed in 1866.[11]

Kapunda was home to several notable manufacturers of farm and mining machinery: Robert Cameron, Joseph Mellors, James Rowe and Adamson Brothers.[12] It was with this last-named company that T. J. Richards, the founder of one of Australia's largest coach-building firms, started his career. H. B. Hawke and Co., began in 1857 and operated under various names.[13] The firm closed in 1983.

Today, Kapunda is a producer of cereal crops, mainly wheat, barley and oats. Value-added services carried out by local industry include stock feed milling and hay processing. Kapunda is a contributor to the wine-growing industry centred in the nearby Barossa Valley.

Kapunda has hosted the Kapunda Celtic Music Festival since 1976.

Media

Kapunda was home to several newspapers. The Kapunda Herald (known as the Northern Star from 1860 to 1863 and the Kapunda Herald and Northern Intelligencer from 1864 to 1878) was printed in the town until 1951, when it was merged with the Barossa News to become the Barossa and Light Herald.

Another publication, the Farmers' Weekly Messenger (4 April 1874 – 27 September 1878) was also printed in Kapunda by Ebenezer Ward.[14] Within a month, in May 1874, it absorbed another Ward newspaper, Northern Guardian (1 April – 6 May 1874), which itself was a continuation of the Guardian and Northern and North-eastern Advertiser (19 May 1871 – 28 March 1874) and the short-lived Gumeracha Guardian and North-eastern Advertiser (19 March 1870 – 20 October 1870).

The North Kapunda Hotel was featured on television show Haunting: Australia, when cast member Allen Tiller, who was a local at the time, requested to producers, Flame Productions, that Kapunda, known as Australia's Most Haunted Town, should be a feature on the show. Haunting: Australia aired internationally in 2014.

Government

Kapunda is in the state electoral district of Stuart, the federal Division of Barker, and the centre of the Light Regional Council.

Notable people
Panoramic view of the town of Kapunda, as seen from Gundry's Hill Lookout on the outskirts of the town.
  • View of the Anglican and Catholic churches from Gundry's Hill Lookout
  • The restored Map the Miner statue
  • Institute and soldiers' memorial hall
  • The main open pit mine, now part of a museum site
  • Vew of the Kapunda mine site looking east, with the chimney stack in the foreground.
gollark: Oh, you mean the BAD LyricLy?
gollark: Only passive components, though? Really?
gollark: This is fine.
gollark: Actually, you're superconductive.
gollark: Restarting again, do not attempt to resist.

References
  1. , Australian Bureau of Statistics
  2. "Map the Miner destroyed in fire". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 June 2006. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2006.
  3. Drew, G. J. and Jones, J. (1988), p. 6
  4. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kapunda" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 672.
  5. Venus, Statues of the City of Adelaide, Adelaide City Council.
  6. "Kapunda". Flinders Ranges Research. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  7. "Kapunda". Australian Heritage. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  8. Atkinson, Amanda (29 March 2015). "Kapunda Mine Trail". Weekend Notes. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  9. "Kapunda". Cadia Valley Heritage. Newcrest Mining. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  10. C. de Leiuen, Remembering the significant: St John's Kapunda, South Australia, Journal of the Australian Catholic Historical Society 36 (2015), 43-60.
  11. "Kapunda Museum". South Australian History Network. 29 August 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  12. "Agricultural Implement & General Machine Manufactories. Kapunda". South Australian Register. Adelaide. 18 July 1868. p. 4. Retrieved 17 December 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. Charlton, Rob (1971). The History of Kapunda. South Australia: AUSTAPRINT. pp. 112–114. ISBN 0-85872-344-1.
  14. The farmers' weekly messenger [newspaper: microform]. Kapunda, S. Aust: Ebenezer Ward. 1874.

Further reading
  • Drew, G. J.; Jones, J. (1988). Discovering historic Kapunda, South Australia. Adelaide: Department of Mines and Energy, Kapunda tourism committee. ISBN 0-7243-4277-X.
  • Drew, G. J. (2017): Captain Bagot's Mine: Kapunda Mine, 1844–1916. Published by the author. ISBN 9780646969497
  • Charlton, Rob (1971): The History of Kapunda Published by the District Council of Kapunda. ISBN 0-7256-0039-X

Media related to Kapunda, South Australia at Wikimedia Commons

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