Kabocha

Kabocha (/kəˈboʊtʃə/; from Japanese カボチャ, 南瓜) is a type of winter squash, a Japanese variety of the species Cucurbita maxima. It is also called kabocha squash or Japanese pumpkin[1] in North America. In Japan, "kabocha" may refer to either this squash, to the Western pumpkin, or indeed to other squashes.[2]

For the fermented tea drink, see kombucha.
A whole kabocha squash

Many of the kabocha in the market are kuri kabocha, a type created from seiyo kabocha (buttercup squash). Varieties of kabocha include Ajihei, Ajihei No. 107, Ajihei No. 331, Ajihei No. 335, Cutie, Ebisu, Emiguri, Marron d'Or and Miyako.[3]

Description

Kabocha is hard on the outside with knobbly-looking skin. It is shaped like a squat pumpkin and has a dull-finished, deep-green skin with some celadon-to-white stripes and an intense yellow-orange color on the inside. In many respects it is similar to buttercup squash, but without the characteristic protruding "cup" on the blossom (bottom) end. An average kabocha weighs two to three pounds, but a large squash can weigh as much as eight pounds.[4]

Culinary use

Kabocha has an exceptional sweet flavor, even sweeter than butternut squash. It is similar in texture and flavor to a pumpkin and sweet potato combined.[5] Some kabocha can taste like Russet potatoes or chestnuts. The rind is edible although some cooks may peel it to speed up the cooking process or to suit their personal taste preferences. Kabocha is commonly utilized in side dishes and soups, or as a substitute for potato or other squash varieties. It can be roasted after cutting the squash in half, scooping out the seeds, and then cutting the squash into wedges. With a little olive oil and seasoning, it can be baked in the oven. Likewise, cut Kabocha halves can be added to a pressure cooker and steamed under high pressure for 15–20 minutes.

Kabocha is available all year but is best in late summer and early fall. Kabocha is primarily grown in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, California, Florida, Hawaii, Southwestern Colorado, Mexico, Tasmania, Tonga, New Zealand, Chile, Jamaica, and South Africa, but is widely adapted for climates that provide a growing season of 100 days or more. Most of the kabocha grown in California, Colorado, Tonga and New Zealand is actually exported to Japan.

Japan

In Japan, kabocha is a common ingredient in vegetable tempura and is also made into soup.

Korea

In Korea, danhobak (단호박) is commonly used for making hobak-juk (pumpkin porridge).

  • Danhobak-buchimgae (kabocha pancake)
  • Danhobak-jjim (steamed kabocha) topped with red beans and jujube
  • Danhobak-juk (kabocha porridge)
  • Danhobak-salad (kabocha salad)
  • Danhobak-sanyak-yanggaeng (kabocha and yam jelly)
  • Danhobak-latte (kabocha latte)

Thailand

Fak thong (Thai: ฟักทอง) is used in traditional Thai desserts and main courses. Kabocha is used in Jamaican chicken foot soup.

Nutrition

This squash is rich in beta carotene, with iron,[6] vitamin C, potassium, and smaller traces of calcium, folic acid, and minute amounts of B vitamins.[7]

Ripeness

When kabocha is just harvested, it is still growing. Therefore, unlike other vegetables and fruits, freshness is not as important. It should be fully matured first, in order to become flavorful, by first ripening the kabocha in a warm place (77 °F/25 °C) for 13 days to convert some of the starch to sugar. Then the kabocha is transferred to a cool place (50 °F/10 °C) and stored for about a month in order to increase carbohydrate content. In this way the just-harvested, dry, bland-tasting kabocha is transformed into a smooth, sweet kabocha. Fully ripened, succulent kabocha will have reddish-yellow flesh, a hard skin, and a dry, corky stem. It reaches the peak of ripeness about 1.5–3 months after it is harvested.[8]

History

All squashes were domesticated in Mesoamerica. In 1997, new evidence suggested that domestication occurred 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, a few thousand years earlier than previous estimates.[9] That would be 4,000 years earlier than the domestication of maize and beans, the other major food plant groups in Mesoamerica.[10] Archeological and genetic plant research in the 21st century suggests that the peoples of eastern North America independently domesticated squash, sunflower, marsh elder, and chenopod.[11]

Portuguese sailors introduced kabocha to Japan in 1541, bringing it with them from Cambodia. The Portuguese name for the squash, Camboja abóbora (カンボジャ・アボボラ), was shortened by the Japanese to kabocha. Kabocha is written in Kanji as 南瓜 (literally, "southern melon"), and it is also occasionally referred to as 南京瓜 (Nanking melon). In China, this term is applied to many types of squashes with harder skin and beefier flesh (including pumpkins), not just kabochas.

  • Seedling
  • First leaf
  • Branching habit
  • Flower
  • Flower and flower bud
  • Young fruit
  • Whole squashes
  • Section, showing seeds
  • Flower scar
  • Peduncle
  • Dish of roasted kabocha
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See also

References
  1. "What is Kabocha Squash (Japanese Pumpkin)?". Cooking Light Magazine. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  2. "Vegetable diagram (Kabocha)". Agriculture & Livestock Industries Corporation. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  3. Cumarasamy, R.; Corrigan, V.; Hurst, P.; Bendall, M. (21 June 2002). "Cultivar differences in New Zealand "Kabocha" (buttercup squash, Cucurbita maxima)". New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 30 (3): 197–208. doi:10.1080/01140671.2002.9514215.
  4. Food Dictionary at Epicurious.com: kabocha squash
  5. "Vegetable Notes for Vegetable Farmers in Massachusetts" (PDF). UMASS Extension. v.18 no. 4: 2. 31 May 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2020.
  6. "Why You Should be Eating Kabocha Squash, Pumpkin's Sweeter Cousin".
  7. Kabocha, By Setsuko Yoshizuka, About.com, Wayback Machine
  8. "Kabocha (Japanese Pumpkin) A Flavor of the Earth" Gochiso Web Magazine, 2006, p. 8
  9. Roush, Wade (1997). "Squash Seeds Yield New View of Early American Farming". Science. 276 (5314): 894–895. doi:10.1126/science.276.5314.894.
  10. Smith, Bruce D. (1997). "The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepoin the Americas 10,000 Years Ago". Science. 276 (5314): 932–934. doi:10.1126/science.276.5314.932.
  11. Smith, B. D. (2006). "Eastern North America as an independent center of plant domestication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (33): 12223–12228. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312223S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604335103. PMC 1567861. PMID 16894156.
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