José Canaveris

Juan José Canaveris (1780–1837) was an Argentine jurist and politician, who served as military man, lawyer, notary, prosecutor and accountant of Buenos Aires. In 1809 he was honored by the Junta Suprema de Sevilla, for his heroic participation in the defense of Buenos Aires, during the English invasions in the Río de la Plata.[2]

Captain

Juan José Canaveris
Contador of the Tribunal de Cuentas of Buenos Aires
In office
1821–1822
Official of the Ministerio de Hacienda of Buenos Aires
In office
1819–1820
Official of the Comisaría de Guerra of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata
In office
1819–1820
Official of the Honorable Junta of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.[1]
In office
1820–1821
Personal details
Born
Juan Joseph Ramón Jugluns de Canaveris Esparza

January 19, 1780
Buenos Aires
DiedOctober 18, 1837
Buenos Aires
Resting placeCementerio del Norte
Political partyFederal (Lomo Negro)
Spouse(s)María Agustina Denis (1785–1823)
Military service
Allegiance Spanish Empire — until 1810
United Provinces of the River Plate
Branch/service Argentine Army
Years of service1806-1828
RankCaptain
UnitCuerpo de Quinteros y Labradores
Regimiento de Patricios
CommandsCreole militias of Buenos Aires
Inspección y Comandancia General de Armas
Battles/warsBritish invasions of the Río de la Plata
Argentine Civil Wars

Early years
Notice about private school

He was born in Buenos Aires, the son of Juan Canaveris and Catalina Bernarda de Esparza, belonging to a distinguished family. He completed his primary and secondary studies in Buenos Aires, and possibly obtained his law degree in the National University of Córdoba. He began his career as government official in the early of 1800s, being later appointed to the position of notary at the Tribunal Mayor de Cuentas in 1810.[3]

He took an active part during in the defense of the city during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata, serving as assistant in the Cuerpo de Quinteros y Labradores, a cavalry unit[4] under the command of Antonio Luciano Ballester and Juan Clavería. The Corps of Quinteros was conformed in its majority by farmers and ranchers from the Province of Buenos Aires.[5]

The January 13, 1809 the Supreme Junta of Seville decided on behalf of the king Ferdinand VII, reward the officers of the various organs of the militia, giving the rank of Captain to José Canaveris.[6]

He had a long activity as a criminal lawyer of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata.[7] In 1825, he was legal representative of Colonel Francisco Montes Larrea, a respectable military man, who had suffered an assault in the Fonda de los Tres Reyes.[8] Between 1826 and 1833 he served as procurador del número (justice assistant) of the city.[9]

He also had an active participation in the beginnings of Argentine education, a pioneer in the application of the Lancasterian method in the Río de la Plata. He had a school of first letters located a few meters from the Church of San Miguel de Arcangel.[10]

Political life

Like all members of his family, Juan José Canaveris supported the emancipatory cause. Between 1815 and 1819 he served in the Junta de Observación,[11] in Comisaría de Guerra, and in the Ministerio de Hacienda of Buenos Aires.[12] He served in the Honorable Junta de Representantes in 1820,[13] and was appointed to occupy the position of accountant of the Tribunal de Cuentas of Buenos Aires in 1821.[14]

He and his family were involved in political conflicts between federales and unitarios, occurred during the Civil War. During his visit to Juan José Viamonte, governor of Buenos Aires, a group of bandits had opened fire on the house of Viamonte. At that meeting between Viamonte and Canaveris, had also participated Miguel de Azcuénaga and Gervasio Espinosa.[15] This meeting is mentioned in the personal correspondence of Encarnación Ezcurra with Juan Manuel de Rosas.[16]

In 1830, Canaveris served in the Inspección and Comandancia General de Armas, taking an active part in the enrollment of volunteers to be incorporated into the Regiment of Patricians.[17]

José Canaveri in The British Packet of August 1, 1835.

He was also involved in the beginnings of the economic institutions of the Río de la Plata, taking part in the National Bank meetings with distinguished figures of his time, like the journalist Pedro de Ángelis, the English Thomas Gowland and Juan Zimmermann, a businessman belonging to the German community of Buenos Aires.[18]

In 1833, he was part of the jury charged with ensuring the freedom of the press in the Argentina.[19] He belonged to the moderate sector of the Federal Party, known as "lomos negros". He suffered political persecution during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas, being accused of Unitario in 1835.[20]

Retired from political activity Juan José Canaveris returned to practice his career as a lawyer and accountant towards the end of his life. In 1835, he posted a notice in the British Packet, and Argentine News, an english speaking newspaper, where he offered his services of lawyer and accountant to the Anglo-Argentine community of Buenos Aires.[21]

Family
Paseo de Julio by 1867, located in the vicinity of the house of the Canaveris family

Juan Joseph Canaveris was married to Agustina Denis, daughter of Juan Denis and María Silva, criollos, descendants of settlers from Ireland and Iberian Peninsula.[22]

He lived in the house he inherited from his parents located in Calle de la Piedad No. 21, neighborhood of San Nicolás.[23] He was neighbor of Vicente Anastasio Echevarría (colonial period), and by a large number of Irish people installed in the neighborhood, including Edmundo Cranwell.[24]

Several members of his family including siblings, cousins, and nephews were divided over political issues.[25] His son Juan Manuel Canaveris, had participated in the military escort the remains of Manuel Dorrego from Navarro to the La Recoleta Cemetery.[26] He actively served in the early days of the Rosas government, later having to go into exile in Montevideo.[27]

His other son Feliciano Canaveris also military, was assassinated in January 1843 in the vicinity of Tacuarembó, and his execution was attributed to General Manuel Oribe.[28]

The family of José Canaveris was related to Francisco Crespo y Denis, a patriot who took part in the Argentine War of Independence, and Francisco Pantaleón Luna, who served as Lieutenant Governor of La Rioja Province. His daughter, Patricia Canaveris Denis, born on March 17, 1811 (Saint Patrick's Day)[29] received a state pension for the services rendered by his father to the National State.[30]

It is not clear if the legitimate father's last name was Canaveris or "Jugluns", a surname possibly of French or Irish origin (Juggins or Jungius), and completely unknown in the Piedmont region. His father came from an important family established in various regions of the Kingdom of Sardinia, probably related to the Spanish society of the time.

The idiosyncrasy of his father and his descendants was not at all like the French or Italian community of the colonial and post-colonial period of Buenos Aires, and it is quite possible that their paternal ancestors were of noble or bourgeois origin. Historically they lived in places of Buenos Aires where English, Scottish and Irish communities were established.[31]

His last name de Canaveris, is a Latin toponymic surname which in French means de Chennevieres.[32]

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References
  1. Registro Oficial de la República Argentina, República Argentina
  2. Historia general de las antiguas colonias hispano-americanas ..., Volumen 3, Argentina
  3. Genoese Trade and Migration in the Spanish Atlantic, 1700–1830, Catia Brilli
  4. Tomas de razón de despachos militares, cédulas de premio, retiros, empleos civiles y eclesiásticos, donativos, etc., 1740 a 1821, G. Kraft, impresor, 1925
  5. Diario de Buenos Aires: 1806-1807, Alberto Mario Salas
  6. Invasiones inglesas al Río de la Plata 1806–1807, Marcos de Estrada
  7. Almanaque político y de comercio para 1826, Jean José María Blondel
  8. El Piloto (1825-1826), Estado Mayor del Ejército, Departamento de Estudios Históricos
  9. Almanaque político y de comercio para 1826, Jean José María Blondel
  10. Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Historia de América:, Academia Nacional de la Historia
  11. Acuerdos del extinguido Cabildo de Buenos Aires, Talleres gráficos de la Penitenciaria nacional, 1930
  12. Registro nacional de la República Argentina 1810/1821, República Argentina
  13. Tomas de razón de despachos militares, Archivo General de la Nación (Argentina)
  14. Publicaciones del Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires:, República Argentina
  15. Unitarismo, federalismo, rosismo, Ediciones Pannedille, 1972
  16. Doña Encarnación Ezcurra de Rosas, correspondencia inédita, Ezcurra de Rosas, Encarnación; Conde Montero, Manuel; Rosas, Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de, 1793-1877
  17. Aviso de la Inspección y Comandancia General de Armas, El Lucero, Diario Político, Literario y Mercantil.
  18. National Bank, The British Packet, and Argentine News
  19. Registro Oficial, Volumen 12, Buenos Aires (Argentina : Province)
  20. Noticias historicas de la Republica Argentina, Volumen2, Ignacio Benito Núñez, Julio Nuñuz
  21. Notice, British Packet, and Argentine News No. 467 (Trapalanda digital)
  22. Matrimonios 1760-1808, Nuestra Señora de La Merced
  23. Gaceta de Buenos Aires (1810–1821), Trapalanda:biblioteca digital
  24. Tradiciones de Buenos Aires: 1 , 3.- sér, Volumen 8, Pastor Servando Obligado
  25. Amalia, José Mármol
  26. El Lucero, diario político, literario y mercantil (1829–1833). (PDF), Imprenta Argentina (Acervo Digital)
  27. Historia política y militar de las repúblicas del Plata desde el año de 1828 hasta el de 1866, Volume 6, Antonio Díaz
  28. Montevideo: Apuntes históricos de la defensa de la república, Volumen 1, Uruguay
  29. Bautismos en Buenos Aires, FamilySearch
  30. Registro oficial de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
  31. Documentos para la historia Argentina. Instituto de Historia Argentina "Doctor Emilio Ravignani".
  32. Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: A Symposium. Paula Lieber Gerson.
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