John Morgan (physician)

John Morgan (June 10, 1735 – October 15, 1789), "founder of Public Medical Instruction in America," was co-founder of the Medical College at the University of Pennsylvania, the first medical school in Colonial America; and he served as the second "Chief physician & director general" of the Continental Army (an early name for the Surgeon General of the United States Army). He was an early member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1766, where he served as Curator from 1769-1770.[2]

John Morgan
John Morgan
Born(1735-06-10)June 10, 1735
Philadelphia, Province of Pennsylvania
DiedOctober 15, 1789(1789-10-15) (aged 54)
Alma materUniversity of Edinburgh
University of Pennsylvania
Known forfounder of what is now the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Spouse(s)Mary Hopkinson[1]:39
Scientific career
Doctoral advisorWilliam Cullen

Biography

The first son of Evan Morgan, an immigrant from Wales, and Joanna Biles, Morgan was born in Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania. After a classical education at West Nottingham Academy in Maryland,[3] he graduated from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) in 1757.[1]:18[4]

He fought for the British during the Seven Years' War, commissioned as a lieutenant and serving as a surgeon on the western frontier. After that he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, where he earned his degree in 1763. He did some touring in Europe, studying medical practice in Paris and visiting Italy. During this time, he was elected to the Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris in 1764 and the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and of London in 1765.[4]

Medical school
Dr. Morgan's wife, Mary Hopkinson, painted by Benjamin West

That year with Dr. William Shippen, another Edinburgh graduate, Morgan co-founded the College of Philadelphia Medical School, the first medical school in North America.

Morgan served as Chief Physician to the Continental Army from October 1775 to January 1777. He was empowered by the Continental Congress to inspect regimental hospitals and transfer patients if warranted and to examine regimental surgeons. Rancor with the regimental surgeons became so bad that Morgan quit when the Army moved from Boston to New York.

He was a founding member of the American Philosophical Society in 1766, based in Philadelphia.

Notes
  1. Morgan, John; Harding, Julia Morgan (1907). The journal of Dr. John Morgan of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. OCLC 4074944.
  2. Bell, Whitfield J., and Charles Greifenstein, Jr. Patriot-Improvers: Biographical Sketches of Members of the American Philosophical Society. 3 vols. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997, I:14, 260-62, 278, 327-36, 328, 345-46, 353, 376-77, 403, 415, 427, 447, 450, 504, 513, II:17, 25, 37, 55, 128, 136, 138, 162, 165, 193, 272, 409, 420, III:8, 139, 160, 195, 282, 522—23.
  3.  Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L., eds. (1920). "Morgan, John" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
  4. "John Morgan (1735–1789)", Archives, University of Pennsylvania, accessed 29 January 2011
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References
  • "John Morgan (1735–1789) founder of American medical education.", JAMA (published November 15, 1965), 194 (7), pp. 825–6, 1965, doi:10.1001/jama.194.7.825, PMID 5321359

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