John Lineker

John Lineker dos Santos de Paula (born June 12, 1990) known professionally as John Lineker, is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently signed to ONE Championship. Lineker formerly competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2008, he is the former Jungle Fight Bantamweight Champion. Lineker is known for his aggressive fighting style, punching power, and durability.[4]

John Lineker
Born (1990-06-12) June 12, 1990
Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil
Other namesMão-de-Pedra (Stonehands)
NationalityBrazilian
Height5 ft 3 in (1.60 m)
Weight145 lb (66 kg; 10 st 5 lb)
DivisionFlyweight
Bantamweight
Featherweight[lower-alpha 1]
Lightweight
Reach67 in (170 cm)[1]
StyleBoxing, Muay Thai, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Fighting out ofParanagua, Parana, Brazil
TeamOCS Jiu-Jitsu[2][3]
American Top Team[3]
EMPORIUM (formerly)[2]
RankBrown belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Years active2008–present (MMA)
Mixed martial arts record
Total41
Wins32
By knockout14
By submission4
By decision13
By disqualification1
Losses9
By submission3
By decision6
Other information
Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog

Mixed martial arts career

Early career

Lineker competed in various promotions in his native Brazil, including Samurai FC, Shooto Americas, and Jungle Fight. He is the former Jungle Fight Bantamweight Champion and Nitrix Fights 2011 Bantamweight Grand Prix Champion.

Lineker made his professional MMA debut in September 2008. Originally he fought in the lightweight and featherweight divisions, outside of his natural weight class. He competed 11 times in the first 15 months of his career, resulting in a lackluster record of 6 wins and 5 losses.

Beginning in 2010, Lineker moved down in weight classes to the bantamweight and flyweight divisions. After that move, he was undefeated in the 13 bouts prior to his UFC debut.

Ultimate Fighting Championship

In December 2011, it was announced that Lineker had signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship to compete in their new flyweight division.[5]

Lineker made his UFC debut against Louis Gaudinot at UFC on Fox: Diaz vs. Miller on May 5, 2012.[6] The bout was contested at a catchweight of 127 lb, as Lineker missed weight. Gaudinot defeated Lineker via technical submission (guillotine choke) in the 2nd round after an action-packed, back-and-forth first two rounds. Both participants earned Fight of the Night honors for their performances.

Lineker was expected to face Yasuhiro Urushitani on September 1, 2012 at UFC 151.[7] However, after UFC 151 was cancelled, Lineker/Urushitani was rescheduled and took place on November 10, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 6.[8] In a competitive three rounds, Lineker's power was the difference in the fight as he edged Urushitani via unanimous decision.

For his third UFC fight, Lineker faced Azamat Gashimov on May 18, 2013 at UFC on FX 8.[9] He won the fight via TKO in the second round.

Lineker was expected to face Phil Harris on August 3, 2013 at UFC 163.[10] However, Harris was forced out of the bout and Lineker instead faced promotional newcomer José Maria.[11] Lineker missed the 126 pound weight allowance for a Flyweight fight, weighing in at 129 pounds. As a result, he surrendered 20 percent of his purse to his opponent and the bout was changed to a 129-pound catchweight affair.[12] After a back-and-forth first round, Lineker won the fight via TKO in the second round.

Following that victory, Lineker was once again scheduled to face off against Phil Harris on October 26, 2013 at UFC Fight Night 30, and he won the fight by TKO.[13] Lineker missed weight for the third time in his UFC career, causing his camp to re-assess his weight class.

Lineker faced Ali Bagautinov on February 1, 2014 at UFC 169. Lineker again missed weight on his first attempt. He was allowed one hour to make the weight and succeeded after 45 minutes.[14] He lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Lineker faced Alptekin Özkiliç on July 16, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 45.[15] He won the fight via KO due to punches in the third round. The win also garnered Lineker his second Fight of the Night bonus award.[16]

Lineker was expected to face Ian McCall on November 8, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 56 as the co-main event.[17] However, just hours after both fighters had successfully made weight, it was announced that Mccall had been pulled from the event due to a blood infection. The bout was scrapped from the event entirely.[18][19]

The bout with McCall eventually took place on January 31, 2015 at UFC 183.[20] At the weigh in, Lineker again failed to make the flyweight weight limit. He was over by four pounds and was subsequently fined 30% of this purse.[21] Because of the repeated failed weigh ins, he was forced to move up to the Bantamweight division (135lb).[22] He won the bout by unanimous decision.

Making his Bantamweight return, Lineker faced Francisco Rivera in a bantamweight bout on September 5, 2015 at UFC 191.[23] He won the fight via submission in the first round. The wild slugfest earned both participants, Fight of the Night honors.[24][25]

Lineker was expected to face Cody Garbrandt on February 21, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 83.[26] However, Lineker pulled out of the fight during the week leading up to the event citing illness and was replaced by Augusto Mendes.[27][28]

Lineker faced Rob Font on May 14, 2016 at UFC 198.[29] He won the fight via unanimous decision in round 3.[30]

Lineker next faced Michael McDonald on July 13, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 91.[31] He won the fight via knockout in the first round and was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus.[32][33]

Lineker faced John Dodson on October 1, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 96.[34] The bout took place at a catchweight of 136.5 lbs as Lineker missed weight. He won the back and forth fight via split decision.[35]

Lineker faced former UFC Bantamweight Champion T.J. Dillashaw on December 30, 2016 at UFC 207.[36] He lost via unanimous decision.[37]

Lineker faced Marlon Vera on October 28, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 119.[38] He won the fight via unanimous decision.[39]

Lineker was scheduled to face Jimmie Rivera on December 30, 2017 at UFC 219, replacing the injured Dominick Cruz.[40] On December 24, it was reported that Lineker was forced to pull from the fight due to tooth infection. [41] Subsequently the fight was cancelled.[42]

Lineker faced Brian Kelleher on May 12, 2018 at UFC 224.[43] He won the fight via knockout in the third round.[44]

Lineker was expected to face Dominick Cruz on January 26, 2019 at UFC 233.[45] It was reported on December 11, 2018 that Cruz injured his shoulder and pulled out of the fight.[46] As a result of the cancellation of UFC 233,[47][48] Lineker was rescheduled to face Cory Sandhagen at UFC on ESPN+ 1.[49] However, it was reported on January 10, 2019 that Lineker was pulled from the bout due to rib injury.[50]

The bout with Sandhagen was rescheduled and eventually took place on April 27, 2019 at UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson.[51] Lineker lost the fight via split decision.[52]

Lineker was scheduled to face Rob Font on June 22, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 12, replacing injured Cody Stamann.[53] In turn Lineker was pulled from the bout for an undisclosed reason.[54]

On July 2, 2019 it was announced that Lineker had been released by UFC, [55]and he was signed by ONE Championship on July 8, 2019.[56]

ONE Championship

Lineker made his promotional debut against Muin Gafurov at ONE Championship: Dawn Of Valor on October 26, 2019.[57] He won the fight by unanimous decision.

Personal life

Lineker and his wife, Jacklyne, have five children.[58][59]

Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts record
Professional record breakdown
41 matches 32 wins 9 losses
By knockout 14 0
By submission 4 3
By decision 13 6
By disqualification 1 0
Res. Record Opponent Method Event Date Round Time Location Notes
Win 32–9 Muin Gafurov Decision (unanimous) ONE Championship: Dawn Of Valor October 26, 2019 3 5:00 Jakarta, Indonesia Return to 145 lbs (66 kg).
Loss 31–9 Cory Sandhagen Decision (split) UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson April 27, 2019 3 5:00 Sunrise, Florida, United States
Win 31–8 Brian Kelleher KO (punch) UFC 224 May 12, 2018 3 3:43 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Win 30–8 Marlon Vera Decision (unanimous) UFC Fight Night: Brunson vs. Machida October 28, 2017 3 5:00 São Paulo, Brazil
Loss 29–8 T.J. Dillashaw Decision (unanimous) UFC 207 December 30, 2016 3 5:00 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Win 29–7 John Dodson Decision (split) UFC Fight Night: Lineker vs. Dodson October 1, 2016 5 5:00 Portland, Oregon, United States Catchweight (136.5 lbs) bout; Lineker missed weight.
Win 28–7 Michael McDonald KO (punches) UFC Fight Night: McDonald vs. Lineker July 13, 2016 1 2:43 Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States Performance of the Night.
Win 27–7 Rob Font Decision (unanimous) UFC 198 May 14, 2016 3 5:00 Curitiba, Brazil
Win 26–7 Francisco Rivera Submission (guillotine choke) UFC 191 September 5, 2015 1 2:08 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Return to Bantamweight. Fight of the Night.
Win 25–7 Ian McCall Decision (unanimous) UFC 183 January 31, 2015 3 5:00 Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Catchweight (130 lbs) bout; Lineker missed weight.
Win 24–7 Alp Ozkilic TKO (punches) UFC Fight Night: Cerrone vs. Miller July 16, 2014 3 4:51 Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States Fight of the Night.
Loss 23–7 Ali Bagautinov Decision (unanimous) UFC 169 February 1, 2014 3 5:00 Newark, New Jersey, United States
Win 23–6 Phil Harris TKO (punches) UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Munoz October 26, 2013 1 2:51 Manchester, England Catchweight (128 lbs) bout; Lineker missed weight.
Win 22–6 José Maria Tomé TKO (punches) UFC 163 August 3, 2013 2 1:03 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Catchweight (129 lbs) bout; Lineker missed weight.
Win 21–6 Azamat Gashimov TKO (punches) UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold May 18, 2013 2 1:07 Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil
Win 20–6 Yasuhiro Urushitani Decision (unanimous) UFC on Fuel TV: Franklin vs. Le November 10, 2012 3 5:00 Macau, SAR, China Flyweight debut.
Loss 19–6 Louis Gaudinot Technical Submission (guillotine choke) UFC on Fox: Diaz vs. Miller May 5, 2012 2 4:54 East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States Originally a Flyweight bout; Catchweight (127 lbs); Lineker missed weight. Fight of the Night.
Win 19–5 Iliarde Santos Decision (split) Jungle Fight 32 September 10, 2011 3 5:00 São Paulo, Brazil Won the Jungle Fight Bantamweight Championship.
Win 18–5 Francisco Nazareno TKO (punches) Jungle Fight 30 July 30, 2011 3 0:36 Belém, Brazil
Win 17–5 Luiz Salgadinho KO (punch) Jungle Fight 28 May 21, 2011 1 1:18 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Win 16–5 Renato Velame Submission (rear-naked choke) Jungle Fight 27 April 21, 2011 1 2:58 Brasília, Brazil
Win 15–5 Saulo Martins TKO (punches) Shooto - Brazil 22 April 1, 2011 1 3:30 Brasília, Brazil
Win 14–5 Diego D'Avila Decision (unanimous) Nitrix - Champion Fight 6 February 19, 2011 3 5:00 Brusque, Brazil Won the Nitrix Fights Bantamweight Grand Prix.
Win 13–5 Alessandro Cordeiro TKO (punches) Nitrix - Champion Fight 6 February 19, 2011 1 3:44 Brusque, Brazil Nitrix Fights Bantamweight Grand Prix Semifinal.
Win 12–5 Felipe Alves Submission (rear-naked choke) Gladiators Fighting Championship 2 October 16, 2010 2 2:05 Curitiba, Brazil
Win 11–5 Alvino José Torres Submission (rear-naked choke) Shooto - Brazil 18 September 17, 2010 2 N/A Brasília, Brazil
Win 10–5 Jetron Azevedo Decision (unanimous) Gladiators Fighting Championship 1 May 8, 2010 3 5:00 Curitiba, Brazil
Win 9–5 Israel Silva Decision (unanimous) K.O. - Fight 3 April 10, 2010 3 5:00 Apucarana, Brazil
Win 8–5 Larry Vargas DQ (punches after the bell) Full Heroes Battle 2 February 5, 2010 2 5:00 Paranaguá, Brazil
Win 7–5 Cica Cica Decision (unanimous) Full Heroes Battle 2 February 5, 2010 3 5:00 Paranaguá, Brazil
Loss 6–5 Rafael Silva Decision (unanimous) Warrior's Challenge 4 December 30, 2009 3 5:00 Porto Belo, Brazil
Win 6–4 Wagner Campos TKO (punches) Brazilian Fight League 5 December 19, 2009 2 N/A Curitiba, Brazil
Loss 5–4 Andre Luis Decision (unanimous) Samurai FC - Samurai Fight Combat September 12, 2009 3 5:00 Curitiba, Brazil
Loss 5–3 Erick Carlos Silva Decision (unanimous) Blackout FC 3 September 5, 2009 3 5:00 Balneário Camboriú, Brazil
Loss 5–2 Felipe Arantes Submission (armbar) Paranagua Fight 5 August 7, 2009 1 1:12 Paranaguá, Brazil
Win 5–1 Márcio Sapo Decision (unanimous) Nitrix - Show Fight 2 May 16, 2009 3 5:00 Joinville, Brazil
Win 4–1 Alexandre Chatuba TKO (punches) VIP - Stage 3 May 2, 2009 2 N/A Joinville, Brazil
Loss 3–1 Nelson Velasques Submission (rear-naked choke) Golden Fighters 1 April 18, 2009 1 4:02 Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
Win 3–0 Claudinei Rodriguez Decision (unanimous) Floripa Fight 5 March 7, 2009 3 5:00 Florianópolis, Brazil
Win 2–0 Heriton Alves KO (punches) Paranagua Fight 3 November 11, 2008 1 N/A Paranaguá, Brazil
Win 1–0 Mauricio Alves TKO (punches) Paranagua Fight 2 September 5, 2008 2 1:25 Paranaguá, Brazil
gollark: I mean, it's probably all being intercepted, and I assume much is being logged.
gollark: I just, you know, value privacy.
gollark: I'm not doing illegal things.
gollark: I don't care if they intercept my reddit posts. I do care if they intercept privately sent emails or whatever.
gollark: `The Internet is a public platform`

See also

References
  1. "Fight Card - UFC Fight Night Cerrone vs. Miller". UFC.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  2. John Morgan and Christian Stein (July 15, 2014). "UFC Fight Night 45's John Lineker: I've identified source of fight-week weight issues". MMAjunkie.com.
  3. "John 'Hand of Stone' Lineker". facebook.com. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  4. https://mmajunkie.com/2019/07/john-lineker-released-ufc-contract-16-fights
  5. "Jungle Fight Bantamweight Champion John Lineker signed by the UFC, set to compete at flyweight". mmamania.com. May 3, 2012.
  6. "UFC on FOX 3 adds flyweights Louis Gaudinot vs. newcomer John Lineker". mmajunkie.com. February 3, 2012. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012.
  7. Cruz, Guilherme (July 17, 2012). "John Lineker meets Yasuhiro Urushitani at UFC 151". tatame.com.
  8. "Urushitani-Lineker move from UFC 151 to UFC on FUEL TV 6 in Macau". mmajunkie.com. August 24, 2012. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012.
  9. "John Lineker vs. Azamat Gashimov planned for UFC on FX 8". MMAjunkie.com. February 27, 2013.
  10. "UFC 163 adds flyweights John Lineker-Phil Harris". MMAjunkie.com. June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  11. Staff (2013-07-18). "Jose Maria Tome replaces Phil Harris, meets John Lineker at UFC 163". MMAJunkie.com. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
  12. Staff (2013-08-02). "UFC 163 weigh-in results". MMAJunkie.com. Retrieved 2013-08-03.
  13. "UFC Manchester 2013: Harris vs. Lineker". YourMMA.tv. August 9, 2013. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  14. "UFC 169 official weigh-in results: Lineker makes weight on second attempt (Updated)". mmajunkie.com. 2014-01-31.
  15. Staff (2014-05-02). "John Lineker vs. Alptekin Ozkilic added to UFC Fight Night 45 in New Jersey". MMAJunkie.com. Retrieved 2014-05-02.
  16. Dann Stupp (2014-06-08). "UFC Fight Night 45 bonuses: Cerrone, Lineker among $50,000 award winners". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2014-07-17.
  17. Staff (2014-09-04). "John Lineker meets Ian McCall at UFC Fight Night 56 in Brazil". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  18. Luke Thomas (2014-11-08). "Ian McCall out of his bout with John Lineker at UFC Fight Night 56". mmafighting.com.
  19. Luke Thomas (2014-11-08). "Ian McCall cites blood infection for withdrawal from John Lineker fight at UFC Fight Night 56".
  20. Damon Martin (2014-11-25). "Ian McCall vs. John Lineker rescheduled for UFC 183: Silva vs. Diaz". foxsports.com. Retrieved 2014-11-25.
  21. Staff (2015-01-30). "UFC 183 official weigh-in results: Gastelum, Lineker ridiculously overweight". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
  22. Staff (2015-01-31). "Dana Orders Lineker to Change Weight Class". Retrieved 2015-02-01.
  23. Staff (2015-07-15). "Demetrious Johnson vs. John Dodson II headlines UFC 191 on September 5 in Las Vegas". themmareport.com. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
  24. Ben Fowlkes (2015-09-05). "UFC 191 results, highlights: John Lineker taps Francisco Rivera in first after crazy slugfest". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  25. Tristen Critchfield (2015-09-05). "UFC 191 Bonuses: John Lineker, Francisco Rivera garner $50K for wild slugfest". sherdog.com. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  26. Staff (2015-12-14). "Garbrandt vs. Lineker added to UFC Fight Night 82". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
  27. Guilherme Cruz (2016-02-15). "John Lineker out of UFC Fight Night 83 due to illness". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  28. Tristen Critchfield (2016-02-16). "Augusto Mendes to meet Cody Garbrandt on short notice at UFC Fight Night Pittsburgh". sherdog.com. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
  29. Guilherme Cruz (2016-03-23). "John Lineker vs. Rob Font official for UFC 198". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
  30. Brent Brookhouse (2016-05-14). "UFC 198 results: John Lineker's powerful striking overwhelms Rob Font for decision win". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  31. Tristen Critchfield (2016-05-18). "John Lineker, Michael McDonald booked for UFC Fight Night South Dakota co-main event". sherdog.com. Retrieved 2016-05-18.
  32. Brent Brookhouse (2016-07-14). "UFC Fight Night 91 results: John Lineker's power shuts down Michael McDonald in first round". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
  33. Tristen Critchfield (2016-07-14). "UFC Fight Night Sioux Falls bonuses: Ferguson, Vannata Garner $50K apiece for wild battle". sherdog.com. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  34. Dan Hiergesell (2016-08-13). "John Dodson vs. John Lineker set in stone for UFC Fight Night 96 main event in Portland". MMAmania.com. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  35. Matt Erickson (2016-10-02). "UFC Fight Night 96 results: John Lineker tops John Dodson by split in 'Fight of the Year' contender". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
  36. Marc Raimondi (2016-11-02). "Former champ T.J. Dillashaw vs. John Lineker targeted for UFC 207". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
  37. Dave Doyle (2016-12-30). "UFC 207 results: T.J. Dillashaw impresses in win over John Lineker". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2016-12-30.
  38. Guilherme Cruz (2017-09-19). "UFC adds John Lineker vs. Marlon Vera to Fight Night card in Sao Paulo". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2017-09-19.
  39. "UFC Fight Night 119: John Lineker rolls past Marlon Vera by unanimous decision". MMAmania.com. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  40. "John Lineker steps in to face Jimmie Rivera at UFC 219". MMA Fighting. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  41. "John Lineker out of UFC 219 fight with Jimmie Rivera". MMA Fighting. Retrieved 2017-12-24.
  42. "After Marlon Moraes drama, Jimmie Rivera's UFC 219 fiasco ruined Christmas". MMAjunkie. 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  43. Guilherme Cruz (2018-03-12). "John Lineker vs. Brian Kelleher added to UFC 224 in Brazil". mmafighting.com. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
  44. "UFC 224 results: John Lineker relentless, finishes Brian Kelleher in third". MMAjunkie. 2018-05-13. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  45. Staff (2018-12-05). "Dominick Cruz set for return vs. John Lineker at UFC 233 after two-year layoff". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
  46. "Dominick Cruz injured, UFC 233 clash with John Lineker in jeopardy". MMAjunkie. 2018-12-11. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
  47. Staff (2018-12-12). "Multiple UFC 233 fights get new dates, locations after Jan. 26 card scratched". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
  48. Marcel Dorff (2018-12-13). "Many battles of canceled UFC 233 card moved to other events" (in Dutch). mmadna.nl. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
  49. "John Lineker vs. Cory Sandhagen added to UFC on ESPN+ 1 in Brooklyn". MMAjunkie. 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  50. "Report: John Lineker Injured, Out of Bout with Cory Sandhagen at UFC on ESPN+ 1". m.sherdog.com. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
  51. Steven Marrocco (2019-02-13). "John Lineker vs. Cory Sandhagen rescheduled for UFC on ESPN 3 in Miami". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  52. "UFC on ESPN+ 8 results: Cory Sandhagen survives late scare, beats John Lineker by split decision". MMA Junkie. 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
  53. Shelton, Cole (2019-06-05). "Cody Stamann Hurt; John Lineker Now Fights Rob Font At UFC Greenville • MMA News". MMA News. Retrieved 2019-06-06.
  54. "John Lineker out of UFC on ESPN+ 12 fight vs. Rob Font". MMA Junkie. 2019-06-21. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
  55. "John Lineker released from UFC contract after 16-fight tenure". MMA Junkie. 2019-07-03. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  56. Sherdog.com. "Recently Released UFC Vet John Lineker Announces Signing with One Championship". Sherdog. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  57. Guilherme Cruz (September 12, 2019). "Zebaztian Kadestam's title defense, John Lineker's debut official for ONE: Dawn of Valor in October". mmafighting.com.
  58. Duane Finley (December 30, 2017). "John Lineker's Wife Details Infection That Caused UFC 219 Removal". flocombat.com.
  59. Steven Marrocco (May 29, 2019). "John Lineker explains tweet requesting UFC fight or release: 'This is my life'". mmajunkie.com.

Notes
  1. While competing for ONE Championship, Lineker competes at 145 lbs (66 kg). ONE Championship refers to their 145 lb weight class as Bantamweight, but per the Association of Boxing Commissions in the United States, 145 lbs is considered Featherweight.
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