John Edward Taylor

John Edward Taylor (11 September 1791 – 6 January 1844) was an English business tycoon, editor, publisher and member of The Portico Library,[1] who was the founder of the Manchester Guardian newspaper in 1821, which was renamed in 1959 The Guardian.

Not to be confused with John Edward Taylor (bishop).

John Edward Taylor
Born	(1791-09-11)11 September 1791 Ilminster, Somerset, England
Died	6 January 1844(1844-01-06) (aged 52)
Occupation	Editor and publisher Business tycoon

Early life

He was born at Ilminster, Somerset, England, to Mary Scott, the poet, and John Taylor, a Unitarian minister who moved after his wife's death to Manchester with his son to run a school there. John Edward was educated at his father's school and at Daventry Academy. He was apprenticed to a cotton manufacturer in Manchester and later became a successful merchant.

Membership of the Little Circle

Main article: Little Circle

A moderate supporter of reform, from 1815 Taylor was a member of a group of Nonconformist Liberals, meeting in the Manchester home of John Potter, termed the Little Circle. Other members of the group included: John Brotherton (preacher); Archibald Prentice (later editor of the Manchester Times); John Shuttleworth (industrialist and municipal reformer); Absalom Watkin (parliamentary reformer and anti corn law campaigner); William Cowdray Jnr (editor of the Manchester Gazette); Thomas Potter (later first mayor of Manchester) and Richard Potter (later MP for Wigan).[2]

After the death of John Potter, the Potter brothers formed a second Little Circle group, to begin a campaign for parliamentary reform. This called for the better proportional representation in the Houses of Parliament from the rotten boroughs towards the fast-growing industrialised towns of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Salford. After the petition raised on behalf of the group by Absalom Watkin, Parliament passed the Reform Act 1832.

Manchester Guardian

Main article: The Guardian

Taylor witnessed the Peterloo massacre in 1819, but was unimpressed by its leaders, writing:[3]

They have appealed not to the reason but to the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence

But the radical press in Manchester, in particular the Manchester Observer did support the protests, and it was not until the Observer was closed by successive police prosecutions that the road was clear for a newspaper closer to Taylor's liberal-minded mill-owning friends.[4]

In 1821 the members of the Little Circle excluding Cowdroy backed John Edward Taylor in founding the Manchester Guardian, published by law only once a week, which Taylor continued to edit until his death.

Taylor used profits he made trading cotton that was acquired from plantations that used slave labour to found the newspaper.[5][6]

The Manchester Guardian on the liberator of America’s slaves Abraham Lincoln.

“It was an evil day both for America and the world when he was chosen President of the United States” Manchester Guardian, 10^th October 1862

On news of his assassination, the Guardian described Lincoln’s Proclamation of Emancipation – the act that declared “all persons held as slaves are, and henceforward shall be free.” as abhorrent

The newspaper’s founder, John Edward Taylor, made his money in the cotton trade – an industry that prospered on the backs of cotton-picking slaves. After his death in 1844, the paper continued its relationship with its cotton merchant advertisers, going as far as demanding Manchester’s cotton workers, who refused to touch cotton picked by US slaves, should be forced back into work.[7]

Death

John Edward Taylor is buried in the Rusholme Road Cemetery (also known as the Dissenters Burial Ground and now Gartside Gardens), alongside his first wife Sophia Russell Scott.[8]

Legacy

His younger son, also John Edward Taylor (though usually known as Edward) (1830–1905) became a co-owner of the Manchester Guardian in 1852 and sole owner four years later. He was also editor of the paper from 1861 to 1872. He bought the Manchester Evening News from its founder Mitchell Henry in 1868 and was owner, then co-owner, until his death. He had no children; after his death the Evening News passed into the hands of his nephews in the Allen family, while the Guardian was sold to its editor, his cousin C. P. Scott.

References

• "Taylor, John Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

1. Schofield, Jonathan (July 2009). Manchester Then and Now: A Photographic Guide to Manchester Past and Present. Pavilion Books. ISBN 978-1-906388-36-2.
2. "Before the Welfare State". Cross Street Chapel. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
3. 'Manchester Gazette,' 7 August 1819, quoted in David Ayerst, 'The Guardian,' 1971, p 20
4. Stanley Harrison, Poor Men's Guardians, 1974, p. 53
5. "Awkward revelations show left-wing journalists profited from slavery". Sky News Australia.
6. "Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps". www.theaustralian.com.au.
7. "Surely Guardian Must Fall". Guido Fawkes. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
8. 'Hooliganism In A Cemetery', The Manchester Guardian, May 14, 1947

External links

• Works by or about John Edward Taylor in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Media offices
Preceded by Jeremiah Garnett	Editor of The Manchester Guardian 1861 - 1872	Succeeded by C. P. Scott