James Mitchell (Australian politician)

Sir James Mitchell, GCMG (27 April 1866 – 26 July 1951) was an Australian politician. He was the 13th Premier of Western Australia, serving on two occasions, the Lieutenant-Governor of Western Australia for 15 years, and the 22nd Governor of Western Australia from 1948 to 1951.

For the 18th-century politician from NSW, see James Mitchell (New South Wales politician).

Sir James Mitchell GCMG
13th Premier of Western Australia
In office 17 May 1919 – 16 April 1924
Preceded by	Sir Hal Colebatch
Succeeded by	Philip Collier
In office 24 April 1930 – 24 April 1933
Preceded by	Philip Collier
Succeeded by	Philip Collier
Constituency	Northam
20th Governor of Western Australia
In office 5 October 1948 – 30 June 1951
Preceded by	Sir William Campion
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Gairdner
Personal details
Born	(1866-04-27)27 April 1866 Dardanup, Western Australia, Australia
Died	26 July 1951(1951-07-26) (aged 85) Dardanup, Western Australia, Australia
Political party	Nationalist
Spouse(s)	Clara Robinson Spencer (m.1888–1949; her death)

Early life and family

Mitchell, the eldest of thirteen children, was educated at Bunbury, Western Australia and in 1885 joined the Western Australian Bank. He later was a farmer.

Mitchell married Clara Robinson Spencer, daughter of future MP William Spencer in 1888. They were married for 61 years until Clara's death in October 1949.

Political career

In 1906, the state premier Newton Moore made Mitchell an honorary minister for agricultural expansion. In 1909 he was promoted, being given the portfolios of lands and agriculture. He recruited William Lowrie as director of agriculture.

On 17 May 1919, Premier Hal Colebatch resigned and Mitchell succeeded to the position. Mitchell won the 1921 election and remained premier until 1924. During this period he garnered much publicity for his strong support for the Soldier-Settlement Scheme in the south-west of Western Australia. As a result of his enthusiastic promotion of this scheme (which ultimately proved very costly in terms of money and resources) he was dubbed "Moo-Cow" Mitchell by the local press.[1] Nonetheless the establishment of a dairy industry in Western Australia can be largely credited to him. He also proved adept at dealing with the divisions between the Nationalist Party and the Country Party.

Mitchell's election to a second term in office coincided with the onset of the Great Depression. His government was defeated at the 1933 state elections, in addition to which he became the first Western Australian premier to lose both a state election and his parliamentary seat (of Northam).

As a result of financial difficulties during the Great Depression, Tasmania had appointed a lieutenant governor in the 1930s. With the approval of the major political parties, in July 1933 Mitchell was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Western Australia. This meant that, although he resided in Government House, Perth, and was governor in all but name, he drew no salary, thus making a reduced demand on the public purse at a time when ordinary people were under severe restraint. He held the position until he was finally appointed Governor of Western Australia in 1948. Mitchell was the first Australian-born Governor of Western Australia, and he remains the only person to have served as both premier and governor of the state. He retired from the post in June 1951, and died one month later. He had also been President of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society.[2]

Legacy

The Mitchell Freeway was named in his honour, as was Sir James Mitchell Park in South Perth and Sir James Mitchell National Park. The botanist Charles Gardner named the rapier featherflower, Verticordia mitchelliana in his honour.[3]

References

1. "THE CALAMITOUS MOO-COW". Sunday Times (Perth, WA : 1902 – 1954). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 16 February 1908. p. 3 Section: FIRST SECTION. Retrieved 22 January 2014. the SundaY Times piece suggests the name was given a lot earlier
2. "In memoriam – The Honorable Sir James Mitchell, G.C.M.G., our late president [Obituary]", Journal and Proceedings (Western Australian Historical Society : 1949), 4 (pt.3): 31, 1951, ISSN 1837-8285
3. Elizabeth A. (Berndt) George; Margaret Pieroni (illustrator) (2002). Verticordia: the turner of hearts (1st ed.). Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 294. ISBN 1-876268-46-8.

External links

• G. C. Bolton, 'Mitchell, Sir James (1866 - 1951)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, MUP, 1986, pp 530–532.

Political offices
Preceded by Sir Hal Colebatch	Premier of Western Australia 1919–1924	Succeeded by Philip Collier
Preceded by Philip Collier	Premier of Western Australia 1930–1933
Government offices
Vacant Title last held by Sir William Campion	Governor of Western Australia 1948–1951	Succeeded by Sir Charles Gairdner