James C. Fletcher

James Chipman Fletcher (June 5, 1919 – December 22, 1991) served as the 4th and 7th Administrator of NASA, first from April 27, 1971 to May 1, 1977, under President Richard M. Nixon, and again from May 12, 1986 to April 8, 1989, under President Ronald Reagan. As such, he was responsible for the early planning of the Space Shuttle program, and later for its recovery and return to flight after the Space Shuttle Challenger accident. Prior to this, he was president of the University of Utah from 1964 to 1971.

Not to be confused with James Cooley Fletcher.

James C. Fletcher
4th and 7th Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
In office May 12, 1986 – April 8, 1989
President	Ronald Reagan George H.W Bush
Preceded by	James M. Beggs
Succeeded by	Richard H. Truly
In office April 27, 1971 – May 1, 1977
President	Richard M. Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Thomas O. Paine
Succeeded by	Robert A. Frosch
8th President of the University of Utah
In office 1964–1971
Preceded by	A. Ray Olpin
Succeeded by	Alfred C. Emery
Personal details
Born	June 5, 1919 Millburn, New Jersey
Died	December 22, 1991(1991-12-22) (aged 72) Washington, DC
Resting place	Salt Lake City Cemetery 40°46′37.92″N 111°51′28.8″W
Alma mater	Columbia University California Institute of Technology
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Harvard University Princeton University Hughes Aircraft Ramo-Wooldridge Aerojet General
Thesis	Cloud chamber studies of cosmic rays (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Carl David Anderson

Biography

President Nixon (right) with NASA Administrator James C. Fletcher in January 1972

Dr. James Fletcher (left) with the cast of Star Trek in front of the Space Shuttle Enterprise at the Palmdale manufacturing facility

Fletcher was born in Millburn, New Jersey to Harvey Fletcher and Lorena Chipman.[1] His father, Harvey is known as the "Father of Stereophonic sound". Fletcher earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Columbia College of Columbia University and a Ph.D in physics (1948) from the California Institute of Technology.[2][3] After holding research and teaching positions at Harvard and Princeton Universities, he joined Hughes Aircraft in 1948 and later worked at the Guided Missile Division of the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. In 1958, Fletcher co-founded the Space Electronics Corporation in Glendale, California, which, after a merger, became the Space General Corporation. He was later named systems vice president of the Aerojet General Corporation in Sacramento, California. In 1964, he became president of the University of Utah, a position he held until he was named NASA Administrator by President Richard M. Nixon in 1971.

During his first administration at NASA, Fletcher was responsible for beginning the Space Shuttle effort, as well as the Viking program that sent landers to Mars. He oversaw the Skylab missions and approved the Voyager space probes and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

When he left NASA in 1977, Fletcher became an independent consultant in McLean, Virginia, and served on the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh. For nine years, he was active as an advisor to key national leaders involved in planning space policy. Among other activities, he served on an advisory board involved in developing the Strategic Defense Initiative.

In 1986, President Ronald Reagan selected Fletcher to administer NASA for a second time, to help the agency recover from the Space Shuttle Challenger accident. Shuttle flights went into a two-year hiatus while Fletcher ensured that NASA reinvested heavily in the program's safety and reliability, made organizational changes to improve efficiency, and restructured its management system. He oversaw a complete reworking of the components of the Shuttle to enhance its safety, including a redesign of the solid rocket boosters, and added an egress method for the astronauts. The Space Shuttle returned to flight on September 29, 1988. Fletcher also approved the Hubble Space Telescope program. He served as Administrator until April 8, 1989, into the term of Reagan's successor, President George H. W. Bush.

Fletcher died in December 1991 of lung cancer at his home in suburban Washington, DC. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. He was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.

He was posthumously inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1992.[4]

References

1. "In Memory of Harvey Fletcher". www.et.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
2. Fletcher, James C. (1948). Cloud chamber studies of cosmic rays (Ph.D.). California Institute of Technology. OCLC 654923475 – via ProQuest.
3. Fisher, Ian (December 24, 1991). "James Fletcher, 72, NASA Chief Who Urged Shuttle Program, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2007.
4. "5 Inducted Into Space Hall of Fame". El Paso Times. El Paso, Texas. Associated Press. October 5, 1992. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.

Sources

• Portions of this article are based on public domain text from NASA

External links

• Media related to James C. Fletcher at Wikimedia Commons
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Academic offices
Preceded by A. Ray Olpin	President of the University of Utah	Succeeded by Alfred C. Emery
Government offices
Preceded by Thomas O. Paine	Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1971 – 1977	Succeeded by Robert A. Frosch
Preceded by James M. Beggs	Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1986 – 1989	Succeeded by Richard H. Truly