Jambalaya (On the Bayou)

"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Hank Williams that was first released in July 1952. Named for a Creole and Cajun dish, jambalaya, it spawned numerous cover versions and has since achieved popularity in several different music genres.

"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
Single by Hank Williams
B-side"Window Shopping"
ReleasedJuly 19, 1952 (1952-07-19)
RecordedJune 13, 1952
StudioCastle Studio, Tulane Hotel, Nashville, Tennessee
Genre
Length2:52
LabelMGM
Songwriter(s)
Hank Williams singles chronology
"Half as Much"
(1952)		 "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
(1952)		 "Settin' the Woods on Fire"
(1952)
Audio sample
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Composition

Williams began writing the song while listening to the Cajuns talk about food on the Hadacol Caravan bus.[1] With a melody based on the Cajun song "Grand Texas", some sources, including AllMusic, claim that the song was co-written by Williams and Moon Mullican, with Williams credited as sole author and Mullican receiving ongoing royalties. Williams' biographer Colin Escott speculates that it is likely Mullican wrote at least some of the song and Hank's music publisher Fred Rose paid him surreptitiously so that he wouldn't have to split the publishing with Moon's label King Records.[2] Williams' song resembles "Grand Texas" in melody only. "Grand Texas" is a song about a lost love, a woman who left the singer to go with another man to "Big Texas"; "Jambalaya", while maintaining a Cajun theme, is about life, parties and stereotypical food of Cajun cuisine. The narrator leaves to pole a pirogue down the shallow water of the bayou, to attend a party with his girlfriend Yvonne and her family. At the feast they have Cajun cuisine, notably Jambalaya, crawfish pie and filé gumbo, and drink liquor from fruit jars. Yvonne is his "ma cher amio", which is Cajun French for "my good friend" or more likely to mean "my girlfriend." Technically in Cajun culture "ma cher amio" means my dear, which refers to Yvonne in this song.

Recording and release

Williams recorded the song on June 13, 1952, his first recording session in six months, at Castle Studio in Nashville with backing provided by Jerry Rivers (fiddle), Don Helms (steel guitar), Chet Atkins (lead guitar), Chuck Wright (bass) and probably Ernie Newton (bass).[3] The recording Williams made differs significantly from Mullican's, which was released in the same month as Williams' version but with a different order of verses and extra rhyming couplets.

Since the original melody of the song was from "Grand Texas", the song is a staple of Cajun culture. However, although Williams kept a Louisiana theme, the song is not a true cajun song, which helped the song gain widespread popularity:

Ethnic music is usually unpalatable for a mass market unless it is diluted in some way (Harry Belafonte's calypsos, Paul Simon's Graceland… the list is endless). The broader audience related to 'Jambalaya' in a way that it could never relate to a true cajun two-step led by an asthmatic accordion and sung in patois.[2]

Released in July 1952, it reached number one on the U.S. country charts for fourteen non-consecutive weeks.[4] Williams performed "Jambalaya" at the Louisiana Hayride as part of his "homecoming" in fall, 1952 (after being fired from the Grand Ole Opry). A live recording released as part of a series of Hayride performances includes outbursts of applause.[5] Another unreleased version is included in the 2017 CD set, At the Louisiana Hayride Tonight.[6]

After Williams released his version, Cajuns recorded the song again using Cajun instruments. However, they used Williams' lyrics translated into the Cajun French language. "Jambalaya" remains one of Hank Williams' most popular songs today. International, translated or derived versions do exist at least in Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, French, Italian, Polish, German, Spanish, and Estonian.

A demo version of Williams singing "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)" with just his guitar, likely recorded in 1951,[7] is also available. Williams composed a sequel to the song from the female perspective, "I'm Yvonne (Of the Bayou)", recorded by Goldie Hill. It was not as popular. As with "Jambalaya" there is speculation that Williams may have written this song with Mullican and their friend Jimmy Rule.

Chart performance
Chart (1952) Peak
position
US Billboard Hot Country Singles 1
US Billboard Most Played By Jukeboxes 20

Cover versions

Sheet music of "Jambalaya" with Jo Stafford
  • Moon Mullican, who likely co-wrote the song without credit because he was contracted to a different label, recorded his version for King Records on July 9, 1952.
  • It was recorded by Jo Stafford for Columbia Records on July 20, 1952, reaching #3 on the Billboard pop charts (and making the song well known to people other than country music fans). Record producer Mitch Miller had intended it to be recorded by Jimmy Boyd, but Stafford was chosen when Boyd turned the song down.
  • Fats Domino scored a hit with the song in 1961.
  • In India, Usha Iyer (now Usha Uthup) recorded a version in 1968 on the HMV label, that became the best selling song until then by an Indian artist in English.
  • The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's version peaked at #84 in 1972.
  • John Fogerty hit #16 in 1973 under the name of the Blue Ridge Rangers.
  • The Carpenters featured the song, in an uptempo pop version with country flourishes, on their 1973 album Now & Then. Their version was released as a single outside the United States in 1974 and sold well in the UK (peaking at number 12 in the charts)[8] and Japan.
  • In 2016, a version recorded by The Plainsmen was used as the opening theme for Tig Notaro's show One Mississippi.
gollark: "Come for the esolangs, stay for the weird injokes."
gollark: ggegg you.
gollark: They're actually bred to produce more eg.
gollark: Yep!
gollark: Except when they don't.

References
  1. Clay, Floyd Martin. Coozan Dudley LeBlanc: From Huey Long to Hadacol. Pelican Publishing Company, 1987.
  2. Escott, Merritt & MacEwen 2004, p. 214.
  3. Escott, Merritt & MacEwen 2004, p. 347.
  4. Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944–2006 (2nd ed.). Record Research. p. 387.
  5. Tracy E. Laird, "Louisiana Hayride: Radio & Roots Music Along the Red River," Oxford University Press, pp. 96–97.
  6. Betts, Stephen L. (October 12, 2017), "Hear Hank Williams' Rare Live 'Jambalaya' From Massive New Box Set", Rolling Stone
  7. Escott, Merritt & MacEwen 2004, p. 328.
  8. Carpenters UK chart history, The Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 20, 2012.

Source
  • Escott, Colin; Merritt, George; MacEwen, William (2004). Hank Williams: The Biography. New York: Little, Brown.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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