Chakhe

The chakhe (Thai: จะเข้, pronounced [t͡ɕā.kʰêː], also spelled jakhe or ja-khe), or krapeu (Khmer: ក្រពើ; also called takhe, Khmer: តាខេ, takhe, takkhe or charakhe), is a fretted floor zither or lute with three strings used in Thai and Khmer music. The Thai and the Khmer instrument are virtually identical.[1]

Chakhe/Krapeu
A Thai chakhe
Other namestakhe
Classification String (plucked)
Hornbostel–Sachs classification314.122
(box zither)
Related instruments
Mi gyaung

It is made of hardwood in a stylized crocodile shape and is approximately 20 cm high and 130–132 cm long. The "head" portion is 52 cm long, 28 cm wide and 9–12 cm deep; the "tail" portion 81 cm long and 11.5 cm wide. It has eleven (chakhe)[2] or twelve (krapeu) raised frets made of bamboo, ivory, bone or wood,[3] graduated between 2 and 3.5 cm in height,[2] which are affixed to the fretboard with wax or glue. Its highest two strings are made of silk yarn, catgut or nylon while the lowest is made of metal.[3] They are tuned C–G–c.[2] The instrument is usually supported by three or five legs.[3]

The player—sitting beside the instrument—uses his or her left hand on the fretboard while plucking the string with his right hand with a 5- to 6-cm long, tapered plectrum made from ivory, bone or water buffalo horn, which is tied to the player's index finger, and bracing it with the thumb and index finger.[2] The instrument has a buzzing sound because the strings are raised just off the flat bridge by a sliver of bamboo or other thin material such as plastic.

Portrait of a female musician with a krapeu at the Cambodian Royal Palace, 1880.
Cambodian woman playing a krapeu ក្រពើ or takhe តាខេ. The drum that is audible is a skor daey goblet drums or another short Cambodian goblet drum.
A Cambodian woman plays a krapeu ក្រពើ or takhe តាខេ. She is using her left hand to press on the strings and specify notes while her right hand plucks with a plectrum.

In Thai music, the chakhe is part of the Mahori ensemble, in Khmer music, the krapeu is part of the equivalent Mohori. Among the Khmer classical instruments, the takhe is probably the most recently introduced; it is assumed to be adopted from Thai music.[3] It is used for wedding music, A-yai, and Chapei music as well as modern music.

The name chakhe is derived from chorakhe (จระเข้), meaning "crocodile".[2] The word krapeu means "alligator" or "crocodile" in the Khmer language, as well.[3]

Chakhe and krapeu are also related to the Myanmar/Mon mi gyaung (kyam), which has however realistic zoological features and not just the abstract form of a crocodile.[2] More distantly, they are also related to the Indian Veena.

See also

References
  1. Terry E. Miller; Sam-Ang Sam (1995). The Classical Musics of Cambodia and Thailand: A Study of Distinctions. p. 232.
  2. Terry E. Miller (2008). "Thailand". The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. Routledge. p. 130.
  3. Sam-Ang Sam (2008). "The Khmer People of Cambodia". The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. Routledge. p. 95.
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