Izalco (volcano)

Izalco is an active stratovolcano[2] on the side of the Santa Ana Volcano, which is located in western El Salvador. It is situated on the southern flank of the Santa Ana volcano. Izalco erupted almost continuously from 1770 (when it formed) to 1958[3] earning it the nickname of "Lighthouse of the Pacific", and experienced a flank eruption in 1966.[4] During an eruption in 1926, the village of Matazano was buried and 56 people were killed. The formation of the volcano actually occupied highly arable land on the southern slope of the Santa Ana volcano which was used for the production of coffee, cacao and sugar cane.[5]

Izalco
Highest point
Elevation	1,950 m (6,400 ft)
Coordinates	13°48′47″N 89°37′59″W
Geography
Izalco Location in El Salvador
Location	El Salvador
Parent range	Cordillera de Apaneca
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	October to November 1966[1]

Geology and mineralogy

Lava flow of the 1966 flank eruption over the much older lava flow. This image looks towards the south from the slope of Izalco

The lava historically erupted from Izalco consists of vesicular vitrophyric olivine basalts.[6] Izalco's formation was preceded by fumorolic activity in 1658, before Izalco was born in 1770. Today, Izalco experiences only fumarolic activity in the form of rainwater seeping into the volcano and contacting hot rocks, rather than steam emissions from underground gases. The fumarole deposits of the volcano are noted as sources for several rare minerals. It is the type locality for the copper vanadium minerals: bannermanite, blossite, fingerite, howardevansite, lyonsite, mcbirneyite, stoiberite and ziesite.[6]

Tourism

Izalco Volcano.

The volcano is visited and climbed regularly by tourists to El Salvador via the Cerro Verde National Park and is a national icon of the country, even featured on the 10 colón bank note (US dollars replaced the colon in 2001, so the bank note is no longer in circulation). The volcano is currently quiescent but may erupt again.

A hotel was built on the nearby Cerro Verde to provide accommodation with a view of the erupting volcano, but the volcano ceased to erupt shortly before the hotel was completed.

Izalco Volcano National Symbolism

Izalco volcano: first Salvadoran postage stamps

The volcano on the stamps' central oval design is an allegorical representation of the coat of arms existing at the time; the stamps depict the Izalco volcano, popularly known as "El Faro del Pacífico" - "The Lighthouse of the Pacific". This argument is based on the fact that the decree signed by Francisco Duenas, creating the coat of arms, specifically mentions the Izalco volcano as the inspiration for its design,[7] and also on the idea that the Izalco volcano was (and still is) one of the symbols of the country. Covers genuinely used with these stamps are rare. So far, only 37 have been recorded.[8][9][10][11]

See also

• List of volcanoes in El Salvador
• List of stratovolcanoes

Notes and references

1. "Izalco". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
2. Carr, M. J.; Pontier, N. K. (1981). Evolution of a young parasitic cone towards a mature central vent; Izalco and Santa Ana volcanoes in El Salvador, Central America. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. pp. 277–292.
3. Mooser, F.; Meyer-Abich, H.; McBirney, A. R. (1958). Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes of the World, VI. International Volcanological Association, Naples. p. 146.
4. Rose, William I. Jr.; Stoiber, Richard E. (1969). "The 1966 eruption of Izalco volcano, El Salvador". Journal of Geophysical Research. 74 (12): 3119–3130. doi:10.1029/JB074i012p03119.
5. Sheets P. D. (2004). Apocalypse then: social science approaches to volcanism, people, and cultures in the Zapotitan Valley, El Salvador. Rose W. I., Bommer J. J., Lopez D. L., Carr M. J., Major J. J. (eds), Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Bolder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 375. pp. 109–120.
6. Izalco Volcano, Mindat
7. Ministerio de relaciones exteriores e instruccion publica (4 May 1865). "Decreto del Gobierno designando los colores del pabellon nacional y atributos del escudo de armas de la Republica". El Constitucional Periodico Oficial del Gobierno. San Salvador. 1 (82).
8. Stamps of the World Volume 2. Stanley Gibbons. 2004. p. 55.
9. Specialized Collections of El Salvador Finding Guide. Smithsonian National Postal Museum. 2010. p. 3.
10. "El Salvador's Firsts 1867 Volcano Issue". El Salvador Philatelic Society. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.
11. "Chapter 2 : 1867 Issue (Part 1)" (PDF). El Salvador Handbook. 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016.