Isotonic hyponatremia

Isotonic hyponatremia is a form of hyponatremia with mOsm measured between 280 and 295. It can be associated with pseudohyponatremia, or with isotonic infusion of glucose or mannitol.[1]

Isotonic hyponatremia
SpecialtyInternal medicine

Pseudohyponatremia

Certain conditions, such as extraordinarily high blood levels of lipid (hyperlipidemia/hypertriglyceridemia) or protein (hyperparaproteinemia), magnify the electrolyte exclusion effect. This interferes with the measurement of serum sodium concentration by certain methods, leading to an erroneously low measurement of sodium, or pseudohyponatremia. The methods affected are the flame-photometric and indirect (but not direct) ion-selective electrode assays.[2][3] This is distinct from a true dilutional hyponatremia that can be caused by an osmotic shift of water from cells to the bloodstream after large infusions of mannitol or intravenous immunoglobulin.

It is associated with hyperlipidemia more frequently than with elevated protein.[4]

gollark: Wrong. The ISA is old, but the microarchitectures of high-performant x86 CPUs are absolutely not ancient. They internally do a ton of optimization tricks to pretend to execute code in order with flat undifferentiated memory as fast as possible, even though the CPU is executing things out of order and aggressively caching and prefetching.
gollark: However, you can just not use it and will probably save a lot of time and segfaults.
gollark: Performant because it contorted the design of all modern CPUs to fit its model, useful because all the low-level APIs use it.
gollark: You will spend too much time on annoying memory things.
gollark: Not C or C++. Do NOT use C derivatives.

References
  1. Gottschlich MM, Matarese LE (2003). Contemporary nutrition support practice: a clinical guide. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 130. ISBN 0-7216-9357-1.
  2. Weisberg LS (Mar 1989). "Pseudohyponatremia: a reappraisal". The American Journal of Medicine. 86 (3): 315–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(89)90302-1. PMID 2645773.
  3. Nguyen MK, Ornekian V, Butch AW, Kurtz I (May 2007). "A new method for determining plasma water content: application in pseudohyponatremia". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 292 (5): F1652–6. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00493.2006. PMID 17299138.
  4. Garibaldi BT, Cameron SJ, Choi M (Feb 2008). "Pseudohyponatremia in a patient with HIV and hepatitis C coinfection". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 23 (2): 202–5. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0446-3. PMC 2359164. PMID 17994269.
Classification
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