Ingwavuma

Ingwavuma is a town in the Umkhanyakude District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is unclear where the name of the town came from; one theory is that it was named after the Ngwavuma River while another is that there was a leader called Vuma, the name then meaning "Vuma's place" in Zulu. Trees found on the river bank are also named Ngwavuma (Elaeodendron transvaalense or Bushveld Saffron) but it is unclear which entity was named after which (person, river, town or trees). It is over 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level in the Lebombo Mountains and boasts several highly scenic spots. The town is three kilometres (2 miles) from the country's border with Eswatini and overlooks the plains of Maputaland to the East. It falls within the Mngomezulu Tribal Authority.

This article is about the town. For the river, see Ngwavuma River.
Ingwavuma
Ingwavuma
Ingwavuma
Coordinates: 27°8′S 32°0′E
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceKwaZulu-Natal
DistrictUmkhanyakude
MunicipalityJozini
Area
 • Total1.74 km2 (0.67 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total1,303
 • Density750/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
 • Black African97.2%
 • Coloured0.2%
 • Indian/Asian1.6%
 • White1.0%
First languages (2011)
 • Zulu87.2%
 • English2.9%
 • S. Ndebele1.8%
 • Sign language1.6%
 • Other6.6%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
PO box
3968
Area code035

History

Zulu king Dingane was assassinated and buried in the nearby Hlatikhulu Forest in 1840. Ingwavuma was founded by Sir Charles Saunders of Eshowe in 1895 as a magistracy for the Ngwavuma region. During the Second Boer War in 1899 the settlement was razed to the ground by a Boer commando under the command of Joachim Ferreira. The serving magistrate, B. Colenbrander, escaped with his staff to the flats below and eventually found his way to Ubombo. Ingwavuma remained desolate until 1900 when it was re-established and the magistrate returned.

In the 1980s the Apartheid government planned to transfer the town and surrounding magisterial district to Swaziland as part of a land deal to give Eswatini access to the sea. This move was opposed by the then KwaZulu government and the Zulu King Goodwill Zwelethini established a residence near the town. The transfer was never executed. The surviving historic buildings of the town include the residency (now the municipal buildings), the police station and the Old Gaol Building.

Services and facilities
  • Mosvold Hospital is located within the centre of the town. The hospital was initially established by The Evangelical Alliance Mission as a mission hospital but has subsequently been taken over by the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health.
  • There are a number of schools in and around the town including Ingwavuma High School, Nansindlela School, Isicelosethu High School, Magugu Primary, Our Lady Primary, Lundini Primary, Mbalekelwa primary and Khethani Christian School.
  • Local offices of the government departments of Social Development, Agriculture, Education and Home Affairs. There is also a police station, magistrate's court and prison.
  • Several NGOs also provide services including Zisize (Ingwavuma) Educational Trust which is the mother to Ekukhanyeni cluster foster care scheme, Ingwavuma Women's Centre and Embathisa, both providing income generation activities for local women, Ingwavuma Orphan Care providing community hospice care and orphan care in the community .
  • There is a small shopping centre consisting of a Spar, PEP, Ellerines, Ithala Bank and a petrol garage along with some Chinese-owned shops.
  • In 1962, the town was made the seat of the Apostolic Prefecture of Ingwavuma.
  • Ingwavuma has an access road to the border with Swaziland, known as Cecil max pas border post which was closed due to stolen vehicles being smuggled through there. Later it was renamed to Freedom dots border post. The road to this border post to Swaziland lies between a Lebombo mountain hillside and the Ngwavuma river.

Geography

Ingwavuma is located on top of a mountain in the Lebombo mountain range with several caves in its vicinity. To the west it overlooks the plains of Eswatini. East the hills drop towards the Maputaland while the Lebombo mountain range continues north towards Mozambique and south towards Jozini.

The Ngwavuma River, one of five major rivers in Swaziland originates in this area.

HIV/AIDS

The Ingwavuma Area has been decimated by HIV/AIDS since the 1990s. In 2002, in Jozini municipality, 57% of people were less than 19 years of age, one third of adults were thought to be HIV positive with uninfected adults having a 3% chance of contracting HIV in any particular year. Several Non-Governmental Organisations are addressing the problems caused by HIV/AIDS, led by Ingwavuma Orphan Care. A mobile voluntary counseling and testing unit (VCT) was started in 2008 by Ingwavuma Orphan Care. It tests around 5000 people a year, with its focus on youth. It found a prevalence rate of 8% among males and 18% among females. While antiretroviral treatment is now available through the government, there are already thousands of orphans who require support. The majority of these are cared for by their extended family with support from churches, NGOs and the government.

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gollark: Okay, very hacky but technically workable: have an XTMF metadata block of a fixed size, and after the actual JSON data, instead of just ending it with a `}`, have enough spaces to fill up the remaining space then a `}`.
gollark: XTMF was not really designed for this use case, so it'll be quite hacky. What you can do is leave a space at the start of the tape of a fixed size, and stick the metadata at the start of that fixed-size region; the main problem is that start/end locations are relative to the end of the metadata, not the start of the tape, so you'll have to recalculate the offsets each time the metadata changes size. Unfortunately, I just realized now that the size of the metadata can be affected by what the offset is.
gollark: The advantage of XTMF is that your tapes would be playable by any compliant program for playback, and your thing would be able to read tapes from another program.
gollark: Tape Shuffler would be okay with it, Tape Jockey doesn't have the same old-format parsing fallbacks and its JSON handling likely won't like trailing nuls, no idea what tako's program thinks.

References
  1. "Main Place Ingwavuma". Census 2011.
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