Inez Clough

Inez Clough was a prominent African American singer, dancer, and film actress in the early 1900s. Clough was born on March 1, 1873 in Worcester, Massachusetts and died on November 21, 1933 in Elgin, Illinois.[1][2]

Inez Clough
BornMarch 1, 1873
Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedNovember 21, 1933 (aged 60)
Elgin, Illinois, U.S.
Occupation
  • Singer
  • dancer
  • actress

Career

Clough spent much of her early life in Massachusetts, attending school in Worcester and studying piano and voice in Boston.[3] In 1896, Clough joined Oriental America, a Broadway theatre show created by the Vaudeville impresario John William Isham. In 1897, Clough moved to London for the show's European tour.[2]

Describing her troupe's experience abroad, Thomas Riis wrote that her acting troupe observed "comparatively lavish facilities and larger pit, orchestras than were customary in America. The hospitality shown towards them undoubtedly impressed Afro-American travelers" who because of racism and racist laws frequently experienced discrimination or inferior accommodations in the United States. In contrast, many African Americans experienced greatly different treatment in Europe than they did in the United States.[4] After touring with Oriental America, Clough remained in London for about ten years. In those ten years she gave voice lessons, did solo shows, and was a member of The Drury Lane Pantomimes.[5]

In the early 1900s, Clough returned to the United States and continued her acting career, primarily performing in all-black musical comedy shows. She performed in The Shoo-Fly Regiment (1907) by Bob Cole and J. Rosamond Johnson[6] and also toured with the Williams and Walker company.[5]

In 1917, she acted onstage in Three Plays For a Negro Theatre.[7] This play, written by Ridgely Torrence, was put on at the Garden Theatre in New York City.[8]

Reflecting on this play, writer Benjamin Griffith Brawley wrote that it was a drama that aimed to "get away from the minstrelsy and burlesque" that predominated the early African American theater scene "and honestly present Negro characters face to face with all the problems that test the race in the crucible of American civilization". Writer James Weldon Johnson said the play "demanded the serious attention of the critics and the general public." Clough's participation in this production was widely publicized.[9]

Clough also acted in many silent films in the early 1920s. These films include Easy Money, Ties of Blood, and Secret Sorrow.[1]

Personal life

Clough married Henry Peter Hogan in New York City where she resided for the majority of the rest of her life. By the end of her life, she had significant mental issues, accompanied by other health afflictions, including cancer.[5]

gollark: It's a vicious cycle thing and toilet paper received most media attention.
gollark: People are panic-buying toilet paper so other people are panic-buying it as it is becoming scarcer.
gollark: I think they actually do fractional distillation in industry, which would be... probably hard to DIY?
gollark: I hope not!
gollark: You only *ran this* once.

References
  1. "Inez Clough profile". IMDb. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  2. Smith, Jessie Carney (1996-01-01). Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. ISBN 9780810391772.
  3. "Inez Clough: A Review", The Chicago Defender (National Edition; 1921-1967), January 12, 1929.
  4. Johnson, James Weldon. "Race Prejudice and the Negro Artist." Harper 157, (1928): p. 771.
  5. "Inez Clough: Popular Lafayette Player Had Successful Career", Chicago Defender (Big Weekend Edition) (1905-1966), April 3, 1920.
  6. "Shoo Fly Regiment". loc.gov. 1907-08-06. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  7. Scott, Freda L. "Black Drama and the Harlem Renaissance." Theatre Journal 37, no. 4 (1985): pg. 426-39
  8. League, The Broadway. "Three Plays for a Negro Theater". ibdb.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  9. Brawley, Benjamin Griffith. "The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States", Duffield 38, (1921): pp. 100-01.
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