Imidazolidinone

Imidazolidinones are a class of 5-membered ring heterocycles structurally related to imidazole. Imidazolidinones feature a saturated C₃N₂ backbones, except for the presence of a urea or amide functional group in the 2 or 4 positions.

Chemical structure of 2-imidazolidinone

Chemical structure of 4-imidazolidinone

2-Imidazolidinones

The 2-imidazolidinones are cyclic ureas. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is a polar solvent and Lewis base. Drugs featuring this ring system include emicerfont, imidapril, and azlocillin. Dimethylol ethylene urea is the reagent used in permanent press clothing.

4-Imidazolidinones

4-Imidazolidinones can be prepared from phenylalanine in two chemical steps (amidation with methylamine followed by condensation reaction with acetone)::

Imidazolidinone catalyst work by forming an iminium ion with carbonyl groups of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) and enones in a rapid chemical equilibrium. This iminium activation lower the substrate's LUMO. Several 4-imidazolidinones have been investigated.[2]

Drugs featuring the 4-imidazolidinone ring include hetacillin, NNC 63-0532, spiperone, and spiroxatrine.

Imidazolones

Imidazolones (also called imidazolinones) are oxo derivatives of imidazoline (dihydroimidazoles). Examples include imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid, a product of the catabolism of histidine, and imazaquin, a member of the imidazolinone class of herbicide.

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References

Erkkilä, Anniinä; Majander, Inkeri; Pihko, Petri M. (2007). "Iminium Catalysis". Chem. Rev. 107: 5416–5470. doi:10.1021/cr068388p.
Barbara J. Morgan; Marisa C. Kozlowski; Aiguo Song; Wei Wang (2016). "(5S)-2,2,3-Trimethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-4-imidazolidinone". eEROS. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00807.pub2.

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[1] Erkkilä, Anniinä; Majander, Inkeri; Pihko, Petri M. (2007). "Iminium Catalysis". Chem. Rev. 107: 5416–5470. doi:10.1021/cr068388p.

[2] Barbara J. Morgan; Marisa C. Kozlowski; Aiguo Song; Wei Wang (2016). "(5S)-2,2,3-Trimethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-4-imidazolidinone". eEROS. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00807.pub2.