Hunterwali

Hunterwali (transl. A Woman with a Whip) is a 1935 Indian Hindi-language action film by the Wadia Movietone company of Bombay (now Mumbai), featuring Fearless Nadia as the heroine. A story of a princess who fights injustice as the masked crusader Hunterwali (lit. "lady with the whip"), the film propelled Nadia and the Wadia brothers of Wadia Movietone to fame.

Hunterwali
Directed byHomi Wadia
Produced byWadia Movietone
Written byHomi Wadia
Screenplay byHomi Wadia
Joseph David
Story byJ.B.H. Wadia
StarringFearless Nadia
Music byMaster Mohammed
CinematographyBalwant Dave[1]
Production
company
Wadia Movietone
Distributed byWadia Movietone
Release date
1935
Running time
164 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageHindi
BudgetRs 80,000

Hunterwali was the first lead role for Nadia. She performed many stunts in the film which were applauded by the audience. The film, an expensive venture, was a blockbuster. It inspired numerous products, incorporating Hunterwali in their brand names. Because of the movie's success, Nadia became a cult icon and starred in numerous stunt films, becoming Indian cinema's "earliest and most popular stunt actress".[2] A sequel to the film; Hunterwali Ki Beti, was released in 1943, which made the former the first Indian movie ever to have a sequel.

Plot

The story begins on a stormy night, with a prologue explaining that Krishnavati and her infant son are getting evicted from her house by the Prime Minister (Vazier), Ranamal. Earlier, Ranamal had also had her brother murdered. The film switches to 20 years later when Krishnavati's son Jaswant is an adult. The royal car hits Jaswant in an accident. Then the scene leads to Princess Madhuri (Fearless Nadia) offering Jaswant compensation in the form of gold for the injury caused. Jaswant gallantly refuses the gift and the princess is attracted to him. The villain Ranamal also has a crush on the princess and wants to marry her. This proposal is opposed by her father the king who is imprisoned by Ranamal. Madhuri, assumes the role of "Hunterwali", a masked vigilante, the "protector of the poor and punisher of evildoers". She then goes around performing stunts like jumping over a moving carriage and then defeating 20 soldiers in one sweep with swashbuckling whipping style. She does not spare Jaswant either as she steals his prized possession, a horse called "Punjab", but soon gives it back to him. Jaswant plots his vendetta and finds Madhuri bathing nude in the river and kidnaps her and gifts her to Ranamal for a reward, but she later escapes. At the end, Madhuri and Jaswant join hands to fight Ranamal together and defeat him.[1][3]

Cast

The members of the cast were:[1]

  • Fearless Nadia (Mary Evans) as Princess Madhuri aka Hunterwali
  • Boman Shroff, as Jaswant
  • Jaidev, as Cunnoo, Hunterwali's sidekick
  • Sharifa, as Krishnavati, mother of Jaswant
  • Master Mohammed as the King
  • John Cawas
  • Gulshan
  • Sayani
  • Atish

Production
Shot from the film.

Hunterwali was a Black and White film running for 164 minutes.[4] During the production stage, there was an objection to the film's title. Language pundits objected to the blending of two words; Hunter, an English word denoting "whip" and wali, which was a Hindi word made a corrupted hybrid which did not do justice to either language.[5]

The main character in the film, Hunterwali/Madhuri, is the feisty and blue eyed beauty, Nadia in the disguise of a man. Mary Evans aka Nadia, an Australian entered Indian cinema in 1934 and had acted in two films, Desh Deepak and Noor-e-Yaman, before Hunterwali. Hunterwali was the first lead role of Nadia.[2] Her character for the role had evolved over years with her training in riding, as a dancer, a fitness freak, a circus artist and as a theatre artist during the 1920s and early 1930s, which was accentuated by a svelte heavily built but supple Amazonian athletic figure with blond hair and blue-eyes. All these qualities made her an instant attraction to the Wadia brothers of Wadia Movietone, though initially they were sceptical about a white woman "breaking into a Brown male bastion"[6] of stunt films and acceptance by the conservative audience during the British Raj.[7]

The producers Wadia Movietone (founded by the brothers JBH Wadia and Homi Wadia) specialised in stunt-based and mythological films at that time. The story line was developed by J.B.H. Wadia to suit Nadia's character. The plot is developed around the historical theme of a brave fearless Indian girl who forgoes her royal luxurious lifestyle to be a people's person. The film was directed by Homi Wadia (Nadia's future husband) who also wrote the screenplay for the film, with Joseph David writing the dialogue.[5][1][6][8] The concept of Hunterwali was inspired by Hollywood films like Robin Hood starring Douglas Fairbanks.[9][10]

Inspired by the film serial The Perils of Pauline, Nadia did all her stunts.[11][2] In the role of a masked avenging angel, the film pictured Nadia as a swashbuckling princess in disguise. In this disguise, she straddled on her horse around the countryside chasing enemies, wearing her hot pants, "with her big breasts and bare white thighs, and when she was not swinging from chandeliers, kicking or whipping men, she was righting wrong with her fists and imperious scowl."[12]

The film is embellished with many bhajans by Govind Gopal. One of the popular songs starts with "Hunterwali hai bhali duniya ki leth," which is a glorification of Hunterwali. Master Mohammed, who acted as the king who also provided the music score.[1]

The Wadias had spent a fortune not only in making the film but also in its publicity campaign. It was premièred in Bombay at the Super Cinema, on Grant Road. It took six months to make with a budget of Rs. 80,000, which was a fortune. There were no takers for releasing the film, in view of adverse comments about the blonde beauty of a heroine, so the partners pooled their resources and launched a huge publicity campaign. As a result of which, there were huge crowds to see the film on its opening night and thereafter it was a runaway success.[12]

Reception and legacy

Hunterwali was a runaway success and a bonanza in terms of money earned, as it ran for 25 weeks making record earnings for the year.[12] This was Nadia's and Wadia Movietone's first big success.[2][1]

Nadia as Hunterwali/Princess Madhuri was the highlight of the film, despite her inadequacy in rendering dialogues in Hindi.[13] Both her stunts, on trains and horse carriages and with animals, and her blond appearance were well received by the audience.[11][1][6] A popular scene in the film was the moment when Hunterwali announced in the third reel that "aajse main Hunterwali hoon" ("from today, I am the woman with the whip"), which resulted in the maximum cheering from the crowd.[12] Another memorable scene, presented as tableaux, is that of Hunterwali lifting a man over her head with the sidekicks pirouetting around her, performing gymnastics, in the middle of a chase; this type of scene would become a staple of most of her later films.[14]

Hunterwali was the most popular character of its time and was listed as "Bollywood's best loved character" in 100 years of Indian cinema by CNN-IBN.[15] Hunterwali's yell in the film "hey-y-y" became a catchphrase.[12] Following the success of the film, Nadia became known as "Hunterwali Nadia" and went on to become a legendary figure in Indian cinema.[16][2][5] Hunterwali Nadia emerged as a feminist icon of Hindi cinema, portrayed as the one who would break the glass ceiling and overturn the patriarchal order.[11] Despite her accented Hindi, Nadia achieved great stardom in the wake of the film,[2] becoming the highest-paid actress in the Indian film industry for the next two decades.[12] Nadia's success and popularity were furthered by similar performances in films of the same genre – also huge hits – in the next few years.[5][8][10]

Hunterwali's adulation was exploited to promote various products with the name "Hunterwali" prefixed to the brand name, such as whips, belts, playing cards, chappals, bags, bangles, match boxes, shoes, shirts, etc.[17][14] Wadia later regretted that he did not patent the word "Hunterwali", which could have brought him a fortune in royalties. The suffix of the word, wali, also became a fad with film producers who named many stunt films using it, like Cyclewali, Chabukwali and Motorwali.[5] Wadia himself capitalised on the Hunterwali icon by releasing a sequel, Hunterwali Ki Beti ("daughter of Hunterwali"), with Nadia in 1943. Like Hunterwali, the sequel became a blockbuster.[18]

A 62-minute retrospective documentary titled Fearless: the Hunterwali Story was made by Nadia's grandnephew Riyad Vinci Wadia in 1993 on the actress' life.[5] In April 2013, during the centenary festival of Indian cinema in Delhi, the film along with the silent classic, Diler Jiger (1931, Gallant Hearts), was shown in the "tent cinema" erected as a part of the celebrations.[19][20] Vishal Bharadwaj's Hindi movie Rangoon supposedly portrays her life and times with Kangana Ranaut playing Nadia's role.[21]

Notes
  1. "Hunterwali: The Lady with the Whip". National Film Archive of India. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  2. Britannica 2003, p. 595.
  3. NY Times
  4. CITWF
  5. Majumdar 2009, p. 109.
  6. "The Woman with a Whip". Open Theme Magazine. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  7. "Mary Evans Wadia, aka Fearless Nadia". Theory.tifr.res. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  8. "What a stunt!". The Hindu. 28 March 2005. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  9. Majumdar 2009, pp. 104, 120.
  10. Chowdry 2000, p. 98.
  11. Britannica 2003, p. 49.
  12. Raminder Kaur; Ajay J Sinha (13 July 2005). Bollyworld: Popular Indian Cinema Through A Transnational Lens. SAGE. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-7619-3321-2. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  13. Majumdar 2009, p. 105.
  14. Majumdar 2009, p. 112.
  15. "100 Years of Cinema: 'Hunterwali' to 'Munnabhai', Bollywood's best loved characters". CNN-IBN. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2013.
  16. Britannica 2003, p. 72.
  17. Chowdry 2000, p. 121.
  18. Mihir Bose (2006). Bollywood: A History. Tempus Pub. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-7524-2835-2. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  19. "Tent cinema returns with 'Hunterwali', rare silent and talkies". Zee News. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  20. "Tent cinema revives early talkies with Hunterwali". NDTV. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  21. "Rangoon—The story of the fiery 'Hunterwali'!". Newsx.com. 22 October 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

Bibliography
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