Hsp20

The heat shock protein Hsp20 family, also known as small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), is a family of heat shock proteins.

Hsp20/alpha crystallin family
Identifiers
SymbolHSP20
PfamPF00011
InterProIPR002068
PROSITEPDOC00791
SCOPe1shs / SUPFAM
CDDcd06464

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms respond to heat shock or other environmental stress by inducing the synthesis of proteins collectively known as heat-shock proteins (hsp).[1] Amongst them is a family of proteins with an average molecular weight of 20 kDa, known as the hsp20 proteins.[2] These seem to act as protein chaperones that can protect other proteins against heat-induced denaturation and aggregation. Hsp20 proteins seem to form large heterooligomeric aggregates. Structurally, this family is characterised by the presence of a conserved C-terminal domain, alpha-crystallin domain, of about 100 residues. Recently, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were found in marine viruses (cyanophages).[3]

Function and regulation

Hsp20, like all heat shock proteins, is in abundance when cells are under stressed conditions.[4] Hsp20 is known to be expressed in many human tissues, including the brain and heart.[5] Hsp20 has been studied extensively in cardiac myocytes and is known to act as a chaperon protein, binding to protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and allowing its nuclear transport.[6] In addition, the phosphorylation of hsp20 has been shown to effect the structure of cells cytoskeletons.[7] Due to hsp20 commonly forming dimers with itself when heated, its function of chaperoning can be greatly affected.[8]

Human small heat shock proteins
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References
  1. Lindquist S, Craig EA (1988). "The heat-shock proteins". Annu. Rev. Genet. 22: 631–677. doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215. PMID 2853609.
  2. Merck KB, de Jong WW, Bloemendal H, Groenen PJ (1994). "Structure and modifications of the junior chaperone alpha-crystallin. From lens transparency to molecular pathology". Eur. J. Biochem. 225 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00001.x. PMID 7925426.
  3. Maaroufi H, Tanguay RM (2013). "Analysis and phylogeny of small heat shock proteins from marine viruses and their cyanobacteria host". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e81207. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...881207M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081207. PMC 3827213. PMID 24265841.
  4. LI, D.C.; Lan, Fan; Chen, Dian-Fu; Yang, Wei-Jun; Lu, Bo (2012). "Thermotolerance and molecular chaperone function of the small heat shock protein HSP20 from hyperthermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus P2". Cell Stress Chaperones. 17 (1): 103–8. doi:10.1007/s12192-011-0289-z. PMC 3227843. PMID 21853411.
  5. G.C, Fan; G, Chu; EG, Kranies (May 2005). "Hsp20 and its cardioprotection". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 15 (4): 138–41. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.05.004. PMID 16099377.
  6. Yan Sin, Yuan; Currie, Susan; P Martin, Lauren; Wills, Tamara; S Baillie, George (2015). "Small heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) facilitates nuclear import of protein kinase D 1 (PKD1) during cardiac hypertrophy". Cell Commun Signal. 13: 16. doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0094-x. PMC 4356135. PMID 25889640.
  7. M. Dreiza, Catherine; M. Brophy, Colleen; Komalavilas, Padmini; J. Furnish, Elizabeth; Joshi, Lokesh; A. Pallero, Manuel; E. Murphy-Ullrich, Joanne; von Rechenberg, Moritz; J. Ho, Yew-Seng; Richardson, Bonnie; Xu, Nafei; Zhen, Yuejun; M. Peltier, John; Panitch, Alyssa (2005). "Transducible heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) phosphopeptide alters cytoskeletal dynamics". The FASEB Journal. 19 (2): 261–263. doi:10.1096/fj.04-2911fje. PMID 15598710.
  8. van Montfort, RL; Basha, E; Friedrich, KL; Slingsby, C; Vierling, E (2001). "Crystal structure and assembly of a eukaryotic small heat shock protein". Nature Structural Biology. 8 (12): 1025–1030. doi:10.1038/nsb722. PMID 11702068.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR002068
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