Horizon (magazine)

Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950. Published every four weeks, it was edited by Cyril Connolly, who made it into a platform for a wide range of distinguished and emerging writers. It had a print run of 120 issues[1][2] or 20 volumes.[3]

For other periodic publications named Horizon, see Horizon (disambiguation) § Periodicals.
Plaque in Lansdowne Terrace

Connolly founded Horizon after T. S. Eliot ended The Criterion in January 1939, with Peter Watson as its financial backer[2] and de facto art editor. Connolly was editor throughout its publication and Stephen Spender was an uncredited associate editor until early 1941.[4] Connolly described the magazine's goal during World War II as[2]

encouraging the young writers-at-arms who seem to find the need to write more irresistible as the War progresses, keeping them in touch with their French and American contemporaries—in short, continuing our policy of publishing the best critical and creative writing we can find in wartime England and maintaining the continuity of the present with the past.

The magazine had a small circulation of around 9,500, but an impressive list of contributors, and it made a significant impact on the arts during and just after the war. Connolly issued an all-Irish number in 1941, an all-Swiss number in 1946 and a U. S. number in October 1947.[5] There was also a French issue and one comprising The Loved One, the novel by Evelyn Waugh.

Paul Fussell praised Horizon as "one of the most civilized and civilizing of periodicals ... with material of almost unbelievable excellence". He described it as "Around 10,000 pages of exquisite poetry and prose and art reproductions, produced and read in the midst of the most discouraging and terrible destruction ... one of the high moments in the long history of British eccentricity". Waugh was less positive, telling Connolly that he heard "an ugly accent—RAF pansy" from the magazine. He twice satirized Connolly and Horizon, as Ambrose Silk and Ivory Tower in Put Out More Flags, and Everard Spruce and Survival in Sword of Honour.[2] Spruce, like Connolly, was the editor of a literary review, liked good food and parties, and was surrounded by helpful young ladies. Two of the women at the magazine were Clarissa Eden[6] and Sonia Brownell, [2] and Brownell met author George Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) through Horizon and later married him.

Selected list of contributors

Contributors included:[7][2]

gollark: What is a program or file or whatever but a base-256 number?
gollark: Technically, it already is basically that but with a different order.
gollark: `1 / "d"` produces a fraction with 1 as the numerator and "d" as the denominator, and the string multiplication handling logic handles the fractions by doing a multiplication then division.
gollark: You can do `(1 / "d") * "asdf"`, for instance.
gollark: I actually had to implement limited fraction support.

References
  1. "", Bookride: Horizon 1940–1949, Accessed July 13, 2016.
  2. Fussell, Paul (1989). Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War. Oxford University Press. pp. 210-220. ISBN 0-19-503797-9. LCCN 89002875.
  3. "Editions/Volumes of Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art.", Google Books, Accessed August 25, 2013.
  4. Michael Shelden (1989): Friends of Promise: Cyril Connolly and the World of "Horizon", Hamish Hamilton / Harper & Row, ISBN 0-06-016138-8.
  5. "Land of the Middlebrow", Time, October 20, 1947.
  6. "Clarissa Eden's road to Suez", Telegraph, 20 December 2007.
  7. "Horizon. 1940–1949. Cyril Connolly", Bookride.
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