Het Schip

Het Schip ("The Ship") is an apartment building in the Spaarndammerbuurt district of Amsterdam, built in the architectural style of the Amsterdam School of Expressionist architecture. It is the single most important example of this style of architecture, using the Brick Expressionism version.

Museum Het Schip

Het Schip by Michel de Klerk, 1917–20
Location in Amsterdam
Established	2001
Location	Spaarndammerplantsoen 103 Amsterdam, Netherlands
Coordinates	52.3903°N 4.8735°E / 52.3903; 4.8735
Type	museum
Visitors	19.455 (2014)[1]
Director	Alice Roegholt[2]
Website	http://www.hetschip.nl/en/

The building was designed by Michel de Klerk. The building vaguely resembles the outlines of a ship. Its appearance is very unconventional from all angles. Designed in 1919, the building contains 102 homes for the working class, a small meeting hall and a post office, which as of 2001 is the museum of the Amsterdam School.

Historical Background

In the 19th and early 20th century, Amsterdam faced a major housing shortage,[3] with many working-class people living in cramped quarters with no electricity or running water. Heating was usually provided by burning peat, and poor families often lived in a single room together.

In response to these squalid conditions, the Dutch government passed the National Housing Act (Woningwet) in 1901. This law set up much higher standards for housing and resulted in both the demolition of older, inadequate tenement buildings and the creation of new housing blocks with much better living conditions and prices that made them accessible to Amsterdam's poorer citizens. The new law also set aside financial resources for the development of low-income housing.[4] One of the affordable housing developments created in the wake of the passage of the National Housing Act was the Spaarndammerbuurt, where Het Schip and several other Amsterdam School social housing projects are located.[5]

Much of the new low-income housing was financed by cooperative housing associations run by groups such as workers' collectives, socialist organizations, religious groups. One such group was Eigen Haard, or "our own hearth," a socialist group that commissioned Michel de Klerk to design and build three blocks of proletarian housing, including Het Schip.[6]

Amenities

The apartments of Het Schip were a radical departure from the poor living conditions of many of Amsterdam's working-class people in the 20th century. Relatively spacious, they include several separate rooms as opposed to the one-room dwellings still common at the time. They also included flush toilets and had ample natural light and ventilation from windows. Ground-floor apartments also had gardens.

The building also includes a post office, which the poor had previously had little access to. The post office contained a telephone box from which families could make calls.

Gallery

• 
  Perspective drawing by Michel de Klerk, 1917
• 
  Southern facade with design windows
• 
  Tower
• 
  Tower interior
• 
  Hembrugstraat-Zaanstraat corner
• 
  Museum court: a design public toilet
• 
  Museum court: a brick ornament of the Amsterdam building society Eigen Haard
• 
  Museum school: staircase with a wooden ornament
• 
  Museum: design clock
• 
  Museum: design table

Post office

• 
  Post office exterior
• 
  Post office: outside view detail of the corner of the Zaanstraat - Spaarndammerplantsoen with a brick sculpture
• 
  Post office: design telephone cell with the inscription "Spreek" ("Speak")
• 
  Post office: design door with fist and text "Verboden" ("Restricted area")
• 
  Post office: design post office front door
• 
  Post office: a mannequin of a post official in uniform with cap
• 
  Post office exhibition: textile tags for PTT postal uniforms, metal buttons with PTT inscriptions
• 
  Post office: a shield "Post en Telegraaf Kantoor"
• 
  Post coffice: ceiling with a decoration imitating the edge of a deckled post stamp
• 
  Post office: hall with a design telephone booth and writing desk, seen from the counter
• 
  Post office: a writing desk in front of a design protruding window frame

Museum housing

• 
  Museum court: a slum lodging
• 
  Design office building "vergaderhuisje"
• 
  Museum apartment: living room
• 
  Museum apartment: kitchen
• 
  Museum apartment: bedroom

See also

• Expansion of Amsterdam since the 19th century

References

1. , Toeristiche Barometer, 2015. Retrieved on 5 October 2015.
2. "Team Het Schipt". Museum Het Schip (in Dutch). Museum Het Schip. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
3. Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. 2004. pp. 46–48.
4. Berlage, Hendrik (1996). Hendrik Berlage: Thoughts on Style, 1886-1909. Santa Monica, CA: The Getty Center for the History of Arts and the Humanities. p. 48.
5. "Neighbourhood of Museum Het Schip". Museum Het Schip: De Amsterdamse School. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
6. "Eigen Haard". Housing Prototypes.org. Retrieved 13 June 2014.

External links

Dutch Rijksmonument 3961

• The Amsterdam School museum, located in Het Schip
• Roger Shepherd.com: Het Schip
• Woningwet (in Dutch)