Henry Pochin

Henry Davis Pochin (25 May 1824 – 28 August 1895)[1] was an English industrial chemist. He invented a process that enabled white soap to be made and a means of using china clay to create better quality paper. He owned several china clay pits in Cornwall, and a mine at Tredegar in South Wales, and was briefly a Liberal Member of Parliament. His wife was Agnes Pochin who was a leading suffragist.

Henry Davis Pochin
Etching by P. A. Rajon after W. W. Ouless
Born	1824
Died	1895
Nationality	United Kingdom
Occupation	Chemist and industrialist
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	Agnes Heap
Children	two

Life

Pochin was born on 25 May 1824 in Wigston.[2] He was the son of a yeoman farmer of Leicestershire who served an apprenticeship to James Woolley (1811–1858), a manufacturing chemist in Manchester. In 1852 he married Agnes Heap at the Unitarian Church in Manchester.[3] In time Pochin became James Woolley's partner. Woolley died in 1858 and Pochin kept a manuscript diary of the illness, treatment and death of his partner.[4] On Woolley's death Pochin became the sole proprietor.

Pochin is noted for two important inventions. Firstly, he developed a process for the clarification of rosin, a brown substance used to make soap, by passing steam through it so that after distillation it came out white, thus enabling the production of white soap. He sold the rights to this process to raise money to exploit his second invention, which was a process using ammonium sulfate and alumina as a low cost alternative to alumstone in the production of alum cake used in the manufacture of paper.

The process required china clay, and Pochin bought several china clay mines in Cornwall for this purpose. In time H. D. Pochin & Co. became one of the three largest British producers of china clay until they were acquired in 1932 by the English China Clays along with the second largest producer, Lovering, to form English China Clays Lovering Pochin & Co. Ltd (ECLP), with both Lovering and Pochin remaining shareholders. ECLP kept this name until it was able to buy the shares from the Lovering family and Pochin family. ECLP was restructured, and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the newly formed English China Clays group. ECLP was split up into four divisions; ECC construction materials, ECC quarries, and ECC transportation, and ECC international. ECC transportation was later merged into ECC international. Later the company divested all but two of its divisions, ECC International and ECC quarries. In 2000, the English China Clays group and its subsidiaries was bought by Imetal SA, which changed its name to Imerys. Imerys has kept ECC International subsidiary as its speciality china clay producing division under that name, even though it does not use that name or division logo, which have been replaced by the Imerys name and logo. Imerys is now the world's largest china clay producer.

Pochin's principal china clay works was the Gothers drying complex, near Roche, Cornwall. This consisted of a number of kilns, each served by a narrow gauge tramway, and was considered to be an extensive works in its day. The tramway was known simply as Pochin's Tramway, and ran from the Gothers works, across the Goss Moor to a loading wharf on the St Dennis Branch. The tramway was operated by a small fleet of steam locomotives known as "Pochin's Puffing Billies", carrying clay to the wharf in crude three plank wagons. Upon reaching the wharf, the clay would be loaded into standard gauge wagons. Coal for firing the kilns was transferred from standard gauge wagons into the narrow gauge tramway wagons for the return journey, the wagons were then cleaned of coal dust at Gothers before being loaded with clay for another trip. Because the crude tramway wagons had no braking mechanism, the train operators developed a novel solution that involved jamming a piece of timber between the spokes of the wheels while the train was in motion.

Between 1863 and 1867, Alderman Pochin led a consortium of Manchester business men in the formation of a number of companies in the iron, steel and coal industries. The first of these, the Staveley Coal and Iron Company Limited, was also the first to be formed by David Chadwick (1821–1885) a Manchester accountant whose accounting methods in relation to capitalisation and depreciation have attracted interest even 100 years or more later.[5]

Pochin was elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1868 as one of two members of parliament for Stafford. He also held public office at times as a Deputy Lieutenant, Justice of the Peace and for two years, 1866–8, Mayor of Salford.[6]

Henry Pochin was a director of the Tredegar Iron and Coal Company, that sunk two shafts (North and South) at Pochin Colliery, Tredegar, in 1876 to a depth of 340 yards (310 m); the first coal was brought to the surface in 1881. The mine was named after Pochin's daughter, Laura, who later married Charles McLaren, the Tredegar Company chairman later created first Baron Aberconway.

Between 1871 and 1876 Henry Pochin had a residence in Llandudno, North Wales at Haulfre, on the south facing landward side of the Great Orme where he was able to pursue his passion for gardening in an extensive and steeply terraced garden that since 1929 has been under the care of the local authority and is freely open to the public.

In 1874 Pochin bought the Bodnant estate at Tal-y-Cafn in the Conwy Valley comprising 25 farms with the Bodnant House and over 80 acres (32 ha) of garden where he lived in active retirement. At Bodnant, Pochin realised the superb qualities of the Dell through which the estate river ran and after first strengthening the banks to deter erosion he set about planting with great American and Oriental conifers. In 1949, Bodnant Garden was given to the National Trust.[7]

References

1. H. T. Milliken (1975). The Road to Bodnant: The Story Behind the Foundation of the Famous North Wales Garden. Morten. p. vii. ISBN 978-0-85972-021-2.
2. Pochin, Henry Davis (1824–1895), manufacturing chemist and industrialist | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Retrieved 2018-03-08.
3. Elizabeth Crawford (2 September 2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. pp. 559–562. ISBN 1-135-43402-6.
4. Wellcome Trust Library – James Woolley (1811–1858), manufacturing chemist, Manchester: diary of Woolley's illness, treatment and dath, written by his partner Henry Davis Pochin (1824–1895). 1858. (MS.5949).
5. British cost accounting development: Continuity and change – The Accounting Historians Journal, Dec 1995 etc.
6. Previous Mayors, Salford.gov.uk, Retrieved April 2016
7. The Garden at Bodnant, Jarrold Publishing Norwich and Bodnant Garden, 2001.

External links

• Welcome to Bodnant Garden
• A Visit to The Dell at Bodnant
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Henry Pochin

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Michael Bass Walter Meller	Member of Parliament for Stafford 1868–1869 With: Walter Meller	Succeeded by Thomas Salt Reginald Talbot