Hemigrapsus

Hemigrapsus is a genus of varunid crabs comprising thirteen species native almost exclusively in the Pacific Ocean, but two have been introduced to the North Atlantic region.

Hemigrapsus
Hemigrapsus nudus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Infraorder:
Brachyura
Family:
Varunidae
Genus:
Hemigrapsus

Dana, 1851
Type species
Hemigrapsus crassimanus
Dana, 1851

Biogeography

The natural range of the genus is restricted to the Pacific Ocean, except for Hemigrapsus affinis which lives along the Atlantic coasts of South America, from Cape São Roque (Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil) to the San Matías Gulf, (Patagonia, Argentina). H. estellinensis is almost certainly extinct, but was endemic to a hypersaline spring in the Texas Panhandle, 500 mi (800 km) from the sea.[1] Populations of Hemigrapsus sanguineus have been introduced from the species' native range in East Asia to several places, and now range along the Atlantic coast of North American from Portland, Maine to North Carolina, along the West European coast from northern Spain to Denmark, and in the northern Adriatic Sea and northern Black Sea.[2][3][4][5] H. takanoi is native to East Asia, but has been introduced to western Europe, now extending from northern Spain to Denmark, including the westernmost Baltic Sea area.[6][7]

Species

Fifteen species are currently recognised:[8]

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References
  1. Gordon C. Creel (1964). "Hemigrapsus estellinensis: a new grapsoid crab from North Texas". The Southwestern Naturalist. 8 (4): 236–241. JSTOR 3669636.
  2. John J. McDermott (1991). "A breeding population of the Western Pacific crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsidae) established on the Atlantic coast of North America" (PDF). Biological Bulletin. 181 (1): 195–198. doi:10.2307/1542503.
  3. Jessica D. Sharon. "Japanese shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus)". Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  4. Dragoş Micu; Victor Niţă; Valentina Todorova (2010). "First record of the Japanese shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan, 1835) (Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Varunidae) from the Black Sea" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 5 (Supplement 1): S1–S4. doi:10.3391/ai.2010.5.S1.001.
  5. GB Non-native Species Secretariat (September 2015). "Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab)". nonnativespecies.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. Akira Asakura; Seiichi Watanabe (2005). "Hemigrapsus takanoi, new species, a sibling species of the common Japanese intertidal crab H. penicillatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsoidea)" (PDF). Journal of Crustacean Biology. 25 (2): 279–292. doi:10.1651/C-2514.
  7. Geburzi, J.C.; G. Graumann; S. Köhnk; D. Brandi (2015). "First record of the Asian crab Hemigrapsus takanoi Asakura & Watanabe, 2005 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Varunidae) in the Baltic Sea". BioInvasions Records. 4 (2): 103–107. doi:10.3391/bir.2015.4.2.06.
  8. Peter K. L. Ng; Danièle Guinot; Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
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