Hedychium

Hedychium is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, native to lightly wooded habitats in Asia. There are approximately 70-80 known species, native to India, Southeast Asia, and Madagascar. Some species have become widely naturalized in other lands, and considered invasive in some places.[1][2]

Hedychium
Hedychium coronarium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Zingiberoideae
Tribe: Zingibereae
Genus: Hedychium
J.Koenig
Synonyms[1]
  • Gamochilus T.Lestib.
  • Gandasulium Rumph. ex Kuntze
  • Brachychilum (R.Br. ex Wall.) Petersen

The genus name Hedychium is derived from two ancient Greek words, hedys meaning "sweet" and chios meaning "snow". This refers to the fragrant white flower of the type species H. coronarium.[3] Common names include garland flower, ginger lily, and kahili ginger.

Members of the genus Hedychium are rhizomatous perennials, commonly growing 120–180 cm (47–71 in) tall. Some species are cultivated for their exotic foliage and fragrant spikes of flowers in shades of white, yellow and orange.[4] Numerous cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which 'Tara' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[5][6] Though reasonably hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F), it requires a sheltered position and a deep mulch in winter.

Selected species
Hedychium chrysoleucum Hook.
  • Hedychium aureum C.B.Clarke & G.Mann ex Baker
  • Hedychium chingmeianum N.Odyuo & D.K.Roy
  • Hedychium chrysoleucum Hook. - gold spot ginger lily
  • Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.
  • Hedychium coronarium J.Koenig
  • Hedychium deceptum N.E.Br. (synonym - H. rubrum)
  • Hedychium densiflorum
  • Hedychium elatum R.Br. ex Ker Gawl.
  • Hedychium ellipticum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. - shaving brush ginger
  • Hedychium flavum Roxb.
  • Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe
  • Hedychium forrestii Diels (synonym - H. dekianum A.S.Rao & D.M.Verma
  • Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.
  • Hedychium gomezianum Wall.
  • Hedychium gracile Roxb. - Salmon ginger lily
  • Hedychium greenii W.W.Sm.
  • Hedychium griffithianum Wall.
  • Hedychium larsenii Dan & C.S.Kumar
  • Hedychium longipedunculatum A.R.K.Sastry & D.M.Verma
  • Hedychium marginatum C.B.Clarke
  • Hedychium nagamiense Sanoj, M.Sabu & V.P.Thomas
  • Hedychium raoii
  • Hedychium samuiense
  • Hedychium spicatum Sm.- called kapur kachari in Hindi
  • Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd.
  • Hedychium thyrsiforme
  • Hedychium urophyllum Lodd.
  • Hedychium villosum Wall.
  • Hedychium wardii C.E.C. Fisch. (synonym - H. efilamentosum Hand.-Mazz.)
  • Hedychium ziroense V.Gowda & Ashokan[7]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

In 2000, Tom Wood et al. published the first phylogeny of the genus Hedychium represented by 29 taxa.[8]

Reproductive biology

Hedychium has multiple modes of reproduction: sexual, via rhizomes and via bulbils. Some species of Hedychium are reported to exhibit facultative vivipary.[9]

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References
  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Flora of China, v 24 p 370, 姜花属 jiang hua shu, Hedychium J. König in Retzius, Observ. Bot. 3: 73--74. 1783.
  3. Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names. USA: Timber Press. p. 312. ISBN 9781604691962.
  4. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  5. "RHS Plant Selector - Hedychium 'Tara'". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  6. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 46. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  7. "A New Species of Ginger Lily from Northeast India". Novataxa. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  8. Wood, T. H.; Whitten, W. M.; Williams, N. H. (July 2000). "Phylogeny of Hedychium and Related Genera (Zingiberaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Data". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 57 (2): 261–270. doi:10.1017/S0960428600000196. ISSN 1474-0036.
  9. Ashokan, Ajith; Gowda, Vinita (2018-03-15). "Describing terminologies and discussing records: More discoveries of facultative vivipary in the genus Hedychium J.Koenig (Zingiberaceae) from Northeast India". PhytoKeys. 96 (96): 21–34. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.96.23461. ISSN 1314-2011. PMC 5904510. PMID 29670451.


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