Hans-Werner Kraus

Hans-Werner Kraus (1 July 1915 – 25 May 1990) was a German U-boat commander in the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Hans-Werner Kraus
Born(1915-07-01)1 July 1915
Beulwitz/Saalfeld
Died25 May 1990(1990-05-25) (aged 74)
Wanger/Allgäu
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Kriegsmarine
Years of service1934–43
RankKapitänleutnant
UnitSSS Gorch Fock
cruiser Karlsruhe
cruiser Königsberg
U-47
Commands heldU-83, U-199
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Kraus served as 1st watch officer on U-47 from January 1940 until November 1940 having replaced Engelbert Endrass. He later commanded U-83 and U-199.

He was on board the latter when it was attacked by Brazilian Air Force aircraft on 27 June 1943. Kraus evaded only to be targeted by a VP-74 Mariner (BuNo 6571) piloted by Lt. Harold C. Carey. The German crew shot it down and the crew were killed.[1]

Kraus was sunk by aircraft off the coast of Brazil on 31 July 1943. Captured, he was sent as a POW to the United States. Kraus was one of the 25 POWs who escaped from Camp Papago Park, Arizona, during the night of 23–24 December 1944 but was recaptured.

Summary of career

Ships attacked
DateU-boatShipNationalityTonnageFate
12 October 1941 U-83 Eagle  United Kingdom 2,044 damaged[2]
12 October 1941 U-83 Corte Real  Portugal 2,044 Sunk[3]
20 October 1941 U-83 Indra  Panama 2,032 Sunk[4]
26 October 1941 U-83 HMS Anguani  Royal Navy 6,746 Damaged
17 March 1942 U-83 Crista  United Kingdom 2,590 Damaged
8 June 1942 U-83 Esther *  Mandatory Palestine 100 Sunk
8 June 1942 U-83 Said  Egypt 231 Sunk
9 June 1942 U-83 Typhoon *  Mandatory Palestine 175 Sunk
13 June 1942 U-83 HMS Farouk  Royal Navy 96 Sunk[5]
17 August 1942 U-83 Princess Marguerite  Canada 5,875 Sunk[6]
27 June 1943 U-199 Charles Wilson Peale  United States 7,176 damaged[7]
4 July 1943 U-199 Changri-Lá  Brazil 20 Sunk
24 July 1943 U-199 Henzada  United Kingdom 4,161 Sunk[8]

* Sailing vessel

Awards
gollark: ++remind 5h attain emojicoid for works on my machine
gollark: Yes, iff macron.
gollark: Would you say Macron is more or less likely than the total destruction of the Earth?
gollark: Essentially, a Macron will be received from the future and verified. If it is a valid Macron it will be sent back in time. Otherwise, it will not. The only self consistent outcome is that either Macron occurs or a ridiculous failure mode does.
gollark: Okay, maybe making it the traditional way is doomed. If I can come up with a way to verify if a given Macron is Macron, I can use the GTech™ atemporal communication network as an "outcome pump" by configuring things such that the only self consistent outcome is Macron being produced.

References

Citations
  1. Morrison 1947, p. 214.
  2. Rowher 1999, p. 70.
  3. Rowher 1999, p. 68
  4. Rowher 1999, p. 69
  5. Rowher 1999, p. 234.
  6. Rohwer 1999, p. 236
  7. Rowher 1999, p. 168.
  8. Rowher 1999, p. 170
  9. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 225.
  10. Scherzer 2007, p. 471.
  11. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 272.

Bibliography
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Moore, John Hammond (2006). The Faustball Tunnel: German POWs in America and Their Great Escape. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-526-4.
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot (1947). The Atlantic Battle Won, May 1943 to May 1945, vol. 10 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-316-58305-7. OCLC 7288530.
  • Jürgen, Rohwer (1999). Axis submarine successes of World War Two: German, Italian, and Japanese submarine successes, 1939-1945. Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1557500298.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, 1. Januar 1942 bis 31. Dezember 1943. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1985. ISBN 3-423-05944-3.


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