Halichoeres chrysus

Halichoeres chrysus, commonly called the canary wrasse, golden wrasse or yellow wrasse, is a fish species in the wrasse family native to central Indo-Pacific area.

Halichoeres chrysus

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Labriformes
Family: Labridae
Genus: Halichoeres
Species:
H. chrysus
Binomial name
Halichoeres chrysus

Description

The canary wrasse is a small fish that can reach a maximum length of 12 cm. It has a thin, elongate body with a terminal mouth. Body coloration is bright yellow with a few variations according to age. Juvenile and immature female have two black spots rimmed with white or light yellow on the dorsal fin (the first one at the start of the fin (head side) and the second in the middle of its dorsal fin) and a third one between the caudal peduncle and the start of the caudal fin. Mature females or young males only show the two black spots on the dorsal fin. Mature males display only the first black spot on the front of the dorsal fin, a lighter-colored spot just behind the eye and irregular greenish to pinkish lines on the face.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The canary wrasse is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the central Indo-Pacific, in an area bordered by the Christmas Islands and Indonesia, Japan, New South Wales and the Rowley Shoals, and the Tonga Islands and Solomon Islands.[1][3]

This wrasse occurs on outside reef slopes, in rubble and sandy areas from surface down to a depth of 30 meters.[2][4]

Biology

The canary wrasse lives in small groups. It is a benthic predator that feeds mainly on small marine invertebrates such as crustaceans, molluscs, worms and echinoderms captured on or in the substrate.[5]

Like most wrasse, the canary wrasse is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals start life as females with the capability of turning male later on.

Conservation status

The species is targeted but not thought to be threatened by the aquarium trade.[1]

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References
  1. Choat, J.H. & Yeeting, B. (2010). "Halichoeres chrysus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2010: e.T187624A8583725. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T187624A8583725.en. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  2. Lieske, E.; Myers, R. (1994). Collins Pocket Guide - Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper Collins Publishers.
  3. J.E. Randall; J.T. Williams; D.G. Smith; M. Kulbicki; G.M. Tham; P. Labrosse; M. Kronen; E. Clua; B.S. Mann (2003). "Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga". Atoll Research Bulletin. National Museaum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. 502.
  4. Kuiter, R.H. (2002). Fairy and rainbow wrasses and their relatives – a comprehensive guide to selected labrids. Chorleywood, UK: TMC Publishing.
  5. Allen, G.R.; Erdmann, M.V. (2012). Reef fishes of the East Indies. Tropical Reef Research. I-III. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press.
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