Halcyon horseshoe bat

Halcyon horseshoe bat
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Chiroptera
Family:	Rhinolophidae
Genus:	Rhinolophus
Species:	R. alcyone
Binomial name
	Rhinolophus alcyone; Temminck, 1852
	Halcyon Horseshoe Bat range

The halcyon horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus alcyone) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda, possibly Gabon, and possibly Sierra Leone. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats (other than caves). It is threatened by habitat loss.

Taxonomy

The halcyon horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 1852 by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The holotype had been collected by Dutch zoologist Hendrik Pel.[2] The type locality was given as Boutry river, Ghana. As the genus Rhinolophus is very speciose, it has been divided into species groups. The halcyon horseshoe bat is part of the R. landeri species group.[3]

Description

Individuals have a forearm length of 48–56 mm (1.9–2.2 in) and weigh 14–23 g (0.49–0.81 oz). It is considered medium sized for an African horseshoe bat. The fur of its back is dark or medium brown, while its belly fur is paler. Alternately, some individuals have pale brown to orangeish-red fur.[3] The dramatic color differences correspond to eastern and western populations of the species, which may lead to a reevaluation of their taxonomic statuses.[1]

Biology and ecology

Its diet and reproductive patterns are unknown, but four pregnant females were documented in February in Ivory Coast. While roosting it may be solitary or in small groups. It is affected by fly parasites Phthiridium inopinatum, a nycteribiid, and Raymondia allisoni, a streblid.[3]

Range and habitat

The halcyon horseshoe bat is distributed widely throughout Central and Western Africa. It is Sub-Saharan, with the southernmost extent of its range in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Though there is a record of it from Gabon, it is possible that this is mistaken identity of the forest horseshoe bat. Its habitat includes forests and savannas.[1] During the day, it roosts in sheltered places like caves, hollow logs, mines, or rarely, huts.[3]

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References

Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P.J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Rhinolophus alcyone". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19523A21981963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19523A21981963.en.
Temminck, C. J. (1852). Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Cote de Guine [Zoological sketches on the coast of Guinea] (in French). E.J. Brill. pp. 80–81.
Happold, M. (2013). Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. 4. A&C Black. pp. 311–312. ISBN 9781408189962.

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[iucn-1] Monadjem, A.; Taylor, P.J.; Jacobs, D.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Rhinolophus alcyone". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19523A21981963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19523A21981963.en.

[2] Temminck, C. J. (1852). Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Cote de Guine [Zoological sketches on the coast of Guinea] (in French). E.J. Brill. pp. 80–81.

[Kingdon_2013-3] Happold, M. (2013). Kingdon, J.; Happold, D.; Butynski, T.; Hoffmann, M.; Happold, M.; Kalina, J. (eds.). Mammals of Africa. 4. A&C Black. pp. 311–312. ISBN 9781408189962.