Hakarimata Range

Hakarimata Range is a range of hills on the western edge of Ngāruawāhia township,[1] in the Waikato region of New Zealand, overlooking the confluence of the Waikato and Waipa Rivers. The Hakarimata Range is separated from the Taupiri Range by the Taupiri Gorge, through which the Waikato River flows.

Hakarimata Range
Hakarimata summit tower
Highest point
Elevation374 m (1,227 ft)
Coordinates37.661945°S 175.124680°E / -37.661945; 175.124680 
Geography
Hakarimata Range
The Hakarimata range is visible in the background, with the Waikato River passing through Ngāruawāhia in the foreground.

After the invasion of the Waikato, parts of the Hakarimatas were confiscated in 1864.[2] 1,850 hectares (4,600 acres) of native forest on the range are protected as a scenic reserve.[3] A council supported community group, the Hakarimata Restoration Trust,[4] created in 2001, is helping care for the range.[5]

Location

Although now usually applied to the hills immediately west of Ngāruawāhia,[6] maps such as Hochstetter's of 1859,[7] the 1925 geology map[8] and 1944 one inch map show 'Hakarimata Range' as extending south to what is now SH23.[9] Similarly, old accounts describe the Whatawhata-Raglan road as passing over the Hakarimatas.[10]

Name

Hakarimata's name derives from a 17th-century feast, when Ngāti Maniapoto joined the localWaikatos to celebrate the birth of a child. There was a mountain of raw forest foods; hence the name Hākari-kai-mata (uncooked food mountain), condensed to Hakarimata.[11]

Geology

Hakarimata is part of the roughly north - south Kawhia Syncline (Taupiri to the north, Kapamahunga to the south), though the Hakarimata Anticline is at about a 30° angle to the rest of the syncline, probably due to strike slip movement along the Waipa Fault,[12] Late Triassic Newcastle Group,[13] sandstones, siltstones and greywacke have been folded, faulted and covered by other sedimentary rocks to form the Hakarimatas.[3]

Wildlife
Pukatea beside the track between the summit and Rail Trail

Plants

Hakarimata is the largest remnant of broadleaf-podocarp lowland forest that once dominated the Waikato. It is near the southern limit of kauri forest and northern limit of beech forest, with plants and animals of all three forest types. Occasional large rata and rimu stand above the canopy of tawa, kohekohe, hinau, rewarewa, mangeao and pukatea. There are also some miro, Hall's totara and tanekaha. The reserve also contains several threatened plants including Alseuosmia quercifolia, or topara, which is strongly scented in spring.[3]

Animals

Tui, kereru, fantail, pipwharauroa, karearea, pekapeka,[3] copper skink, Auckland green gecko[14] and peripatus are among the species in the bush. 16 species of native fish include short and longfinned eels and banded, short-jaw and giant, kōkopu.[3] In 1995/96, to connect the Hakarimata tree canopy with the Waikato River, and thus encourage indigenous fish, three Waikato tributaries had 12 km (7.5 mi) of fences, 12 stock-water troughs, 5 bridges, and over 10,000 trees and shrubs added. By 2003, fish had increased from 63 to 80 fish per 150 m (490 ft) of stream and a new species, lamprey, was found.[15]

Pests

Since the land was reserved (from 1905 onwards), the fringe areas and lower slopes have slowly regenerated after suffering light logging, fires, pigs, goats, possums, cats, hedgehogs, rats, mice, stoats, weasels and ferrets, with occasional deer and wallaby. Goats, possum and rats are controlled,[3] with possum self-resetting traps trialled in 2011.[16] About 200 ha (490 acres) of privately owned forest adjoin the reserve, some of which is protected by covenant. Kauri dieback disease[3] is not present, so a boot cleaning station was put at the Huntly end in 2015.[17]

Fire is also a threat. In 2017 an area of 600 by 300m on a ridge beside the quarry was burnt.[18]

Quarry

The large quarry at 181 Waingaro Road, Ngāruawāhia,[19] opened in a quarry reserve[20] in 1948[21] and now goes well below sea-level.[22] It was bought by Brian Perry Ltd in the 1980s[23] and sold to Fulton Hogan in 2016.[24][25] An extension which would have doubled the size of the quarry[21] wasn't permitted in 2008.[26][27] It would have taken native trees estimated to be 800 years old. The quarry then employed 13 and supplied about 35% of the area's needs.[21] Environment Waikato granted Perry Aggregates resource consents in 2009,[28] following which bait stations were put in the area in 2011[29] and the quarry was given Mimico Environmental Awards for that[30] and, in 2018, for extending native fish passage.[31]

Tracks
Tomokanga at entrance to Waterworks Walk and Summit Track

The range has been used for recreational rambling since at least 1892.[32]

There are two main walkways through the range, allowing excellent views of the Waikato Plains below. The main one is Hakarimata Walkway (12 km, 7 hr 30 min) along the ridge from Parker Road at the northern end to the Hakarimata Rail Trail (off Waingaro Rd) at the south.[3]

Te Araroa follows that walkway to the summit,[33] where a viewing tower offers vistas towards the coast, across the Waikato Basin and to Ruapehu on a clear day.[3] Te Aroroa drops from the summit by the other main walkway, Hakarimata Summit Track[33] (2 km, 3 hr return, 335 metres on 1349 steps), to Brownlee Avenue in Ngāruawāhia.[3] The steps had 140,000 visits in 2016, compared to 5000 in 2011, shortly after they opened.[34] The remainder of the track south to Hakarimata Rail Trail (3.5 km, 2 hr) can be linked by a 1.8 km walk along Waingaro Road back to Brownlee Ave.[3]

There are several shorter walks using parts of the Hakarimata Walkway and/or the Summit Track:-

  • At the northern end, Kauri Loop Track (3 km, 2 hr return for full loop; 40 min to kauri grove) from Parker Road car park starts with a long flight of steps to one of the largest kauris in Waikato,[3] 7 m (23 ft) girth and 36.7 m (120 ft) high,[35] estimated to be over a thousand years old. The Southern Lookout has views of Huntly and the north Waikato lakes, Hamilton and Tongariro on a clear day.[3]
  • In the middle, Waterworks Walk (1 km, 1 hr return) from Brownlee Avenue runs beside Mangarata Stream to the 1922 reservoir, once Ngāruawāhia's water supply.[3] In November 2016 a Tomokanga (archway)[36] was added near the beginning of the walk.[13]
  • At the southern end, Hakarimata Rail Trail (1.5 km, 30 min) follows the former Glen Massey railway.[3] A short extension leads to the Cascades.
  • Cascades at the foot of the ascent to the summit from the south
  • Mangarata Stream waterfall, just above the reservoir
  • Ngāruawāhia, Waikato basin and Kaimais from Hakarimata Summit
  • Some of the 1349 steps on the Summit Track
  • Mangarata Dam spillway. Parataniwha is common in the valleys.
  • The platform is to protect the big tree from kauri dieback
  • Huntly and Waikato River from Northern Lookout
gollark: Why is nobody using my breakthrough?
gollark: I solved indentation SO LONG AGO.
gollark: So apparently neurons' activation thresholds go down locally via ??? and then too many fire.
gollark: ddg! Seizures wikipedia
gollark: ddg! Seizures

References
  1. "Ngaruawahia residents riled at columnist's 'town is rotting' comments". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2016
  2. "CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE SUPERINTENDENT RESPECTING THE SETTLEMENT OF THE CONFISCATED TERRITORY. NEW ZEALANDER". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 1 Feb 1865. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  3. "Hakarimata Tracks" (PDF). DoC. April 2013.
  4. "Agenda for a meeting of the Strategy & Finance Committee" (PDF). Waikato District Council. 27 Sep 2016.
  5. "Possum operation planned for Hakarimata". Waikato Regional Council. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  6. "HAKARIMATA RANGE, Waikato". NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  7. "The southern part of the Province of Auckland showing the routes and surveys by Ferdinand von Hochstetter, 1859". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  8. "Geological map of Newcastle survey district /drawn by G.E. Harris". ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz. 1925. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  9. "Sheet N056". www.mapspast.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  10. "NEW ZEALAND HERALD, WESTERN COASTLANDS. AN OLD COACH JOURNEY. MODERN ROADS FOLLOW". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 12 April 1930. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  11. "NGARUAWAHIA. NEW ZEALAND HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 24 Sep 1921. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  12. F. Spinardi V. G. Moon, A. Pittari, W. P. de Lange (Nov 2018). "How tectonic geomorphology can be used to find a hidden fault zone: A case study of the Te Tatua o Wairere Fault Zone, New Zealand".CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. Edbrooke, S. W. (2005). "Geology of the Waikato area 1:250 000 geological map 4". Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences.
  14. "Technical Report 2017/36 Significant natural areas of the Waikato District: terrestrial and wetland ecosystems" (PDF). Waikato Regional Council.
  15. Richardson, Jody; Hamilton, Jacques Boubée (2003-12-01). "Does stream restoration work?". NIWA. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  16. "New possum traps enter Phase II of DOC testing". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  17. "Fighting kauri dieback in the Waikato". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  18. "Operations cease at Ngaruawahia bush fire". Stuff. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  19. "Submission to Proposed Plan Change 1 Fulton Hogan Limited" (PDF). 8 March 2017.
  20. "NGARUAWAHIA'S WATER, NEW ZEALAND HERALD". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 23 Apr 1923. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  21. "Concerns over Ngaruawahia quarry plans". Stuff. 18 Feb 2009. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  22. "HUNTLY & NGARUAWAHIA FIELD TRIP A BIG SUCCESS". Institute of Quarrying. 2005-04-29. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  23. "History - Perry Investment Management Ltd". www.perry.co.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  24. "Perry Resources". www.perryresources.co.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  25. "Fulton Hogan welcomes Waikato Quarries employees". Fulton Hogan. 2016-05-04. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  26. "Waingaro Road Quarry 2008 Consent Compliance Plan" (PDF).
  27. "IntraMaps". maps.waikatodistrict.govt.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  28. "Environment Waikato approves Ngaruawahia quarry consents". Waikato Regional Council. 17 Jul 2007. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  29. "Native birds get boost as pests targeted – The Waikato Independent". 31 May 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  30. "2011 AQA Mimico Environmental Award". Institute of Quarrying. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  31. "2018 MIMICO Environmental Award Winners". Mimico New Zealand. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  32. "The Freetrader left Hamilton WAIKATO TIMES". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 10 Nov 1892. Retrieved 2020-05-03.
  33. "Hakarimata Walkway". www.teararoa.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  34. "Hakarimata steps lead the way for small-town New Zealand growth". Stuff. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
  35. "The New Zealand Tree Register". register.notabletrees.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  36. "Tomokanga unveiled at base of Hakarimata Track". Waikato District Council. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
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