Haeju

Haeju[lower-alpha 1] (Korean pronunciation: [hɛ.dzu]) is a city located in South Hwanghae Province near Haeju Bay in North Korea. It is the administrative centre of South Hwanghae Province. As of 2008, the population of the city is estimated to be 273,300. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became a strategic port in Sino-Korean trade. Haeju has chemical-related enterprises and a cement factory.

Haeju

해주시
Municipal City
Korean transcription(s)
 • Chosŏn'gŭl해주시
 • Hancha海州市
 • McCune-ReischauerHaeju-si
 • Revised RomanizationHaeju-si
Views of Haeju
Map of South Hwanghae showing the location of Haeju
Haeju
Location within North Korea
Coordinates: 38°3′N 125°43′E
Country North Korea
ProvinceSouth Hwanghae Province
Administrative divisions25 tong, 4 ri
Area
 • Total206.9 km2 (79.9 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
 • Total273,300
 • Dialect
Hwanghae
Time zoneUTC+9 (Pyongyang Time)

History

The area around Haeju is known to have been inhabited since the Neolithic period, as shellmounds, pottery, and stone tools have been found at Ryongdangp'o. During the early Three kingdoms period, it was briefly governed by a small chieftain, when it was known as "Naemihol" (內米忽郡). In 757, however, it was conquered by the Goguryeo kingdom, who later lost it to Silla. It was under the Goryeo dynasty's King T'aejo that it received its current name.

Sohyon Academy (소현서원) was a Confucian academy founded near Haeju by the famous scholar Yi I (1536–84) after his retirement. It is situated in Unbyong Valley, a part of Soktamgugok (Nine valleys of pools and rocks.

According to the North Korean government, the North Korean attack on South Korea on 25 June 1950 was a response to a two-day long bombing by the South Koreans and their surprise attacks on Haeju and other places. Early in the morning of 25 June, before the dawn counterattack in the North Korean account, the South Korean Office of Public Information announced that the Southern forces had captured Haeju. The South Korean government later denied capturing the town and blamed the report on an exaggerating officer. Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union proposed that North Korea would be invited to the UN Security Council to present its side of the story. Both proposals were voted down.[2]

Geography

Haeju City is located on the westernmost edge of the Korean Peninsula, 60 km north of the Military Demarcation Line and 100 km south of Pyongyang. The city, being not very mountainous, is composed mostly of plains. All the mountains located within the city are under 1,000 m in elevation.

Mountains
  • Mountain Suyang, 946 m.
  • Mountain Jangdae, 686 m.
  • Nam Hill, 122 m.

Climate

Haeju has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dwa), with cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers.

Climate data for Haeju
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.0
(53.6)		 14.7
(58.5)		 22.9
(73.2)		 27.7
(81.9)		 34.5
(94.1)		 36.0
(96.8)		 36.0
(96.8)		 37.2
(99.0)		 34.0
(93.2)		 29.6
(85.3)		 25.0
(77.0)		 17.2
(63.0)		 37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3)		 1.8
(35.2)		 7.8
(46.0)		 15.3
(59.5)		 20.5
(68.9)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.7
(81.9)		 28.8
(83.8)		 24.8
(76.6)		 18.7
(65.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 2.2
(36.0)		 15.2
(59.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.8
(23.4)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 2.8
(37.0)		 9.9
(49.8)		 15.6
(60.1)		 20.0
(68.0)		 23.6
(74.5)		 24.7
(76.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 13.1
(55.6)		 5.7
(42.3)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 10.5
(50.9)
Average low °C (°F) −8.7
(16.3)		 −6.8
(19.8)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 11.0
(51.8)		 16.1
(61.0)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 16.1
(61.0)		 8.9
(48.0)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 6.7
(44.1)
Record low °C (°F) −18.9
(−2.0)		 −19.0
(−2.2)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 −6.1
(21.0)		 0.0
(32.0)		 2.0
(35.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 9.8
(49.6)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −4.7
(23.5)		 −11.1
(12.0)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −19.0
(−2.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 15.5
(0.61)		 14.9
(0.59)		 32.6
(1.28)		 67.2
(2.65)		 81.4
(3.20)		 119.7
(4.71)		 344.7
(13.57)		 259.7
(10.22)		 113.0
(4.45)		 38.2
(1.50)		 36.2
(1.43)		 24.4
(0.96)		 1,147.5
(45.18)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 3 2 5 5 6 7 14 10 6 4 6 5 73
Average relative humidity (%) 67 64 63 64 68 76 85 79 71 66 68 70 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 188 184 213 224 235 197 133 188 210 215 164 169 2,320
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[3][4][lower-alpha 2]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (extremes, 1957–present)[5]

Administrative divisions

Haeju is divided into several urban neighborhoods ("dong") and several rural villages ("ri").[6]

Chosŏn'gŭl Hancha
Changch'un-dong장춘동長春洞
Haech'ŏng-dong해청동海清洞
Haeun-dong해운동海運洞
Hakhyŏn-dong학현동鶴峴洞
Kuje-dong구제동九齊洞
Kwangha-dong광하동廣河洞
Kwangsŏk-tong광석동廣石洞
Kyŏlsŏng-dong결성동結城洞
Namsan-dong남산동南山洞
Okkye-dong옥계동玉溪洞
Puyong-dong부용동芙蓉洞
Ryongdang-dong룡당동龍塘洞
Saegŏri-dong새거리동새거리洞
Sami-dong사미동四美洞
Sansŏng-dong산성동山城洞
Sŏae-dong서애동西艾洞
Sŏkch'ŏn-dong석천동石川洞
Sŏkmi-dong석미동石美洞
Sŏnsan-dong선산동仙山洞
Sŭngma-dong승마동乘馬洞
Taegok-tong대곡동大谷洞
Ŭpp'a-dong읍파동邑波洞
Yangsa-dong양사동養社洞
Yŏnggwang-dong영광동榮光洞
Yŏnha-dong연하동煙下洞
Chakch'ŏl-li작천리鵲川里
Changbang-ri장방리長芳里
Singwang-ri신광리神光里
Yŏngyang-ri영양리迎陽里

Culture and travel

Famous tourist attractions in the city center include Puyong Pavilion, the Haeju Dharani Monument, the Haeju Sokbinggo, and several trees classified as living monuments. Farther out, scenic spots include Suyangsan Falls, the Sokdamgugok scenic area, Suyangsan Fortress and the Sohyon Academy.

Economy

Haeju Special Economic Zone was announced in the Second Inter-Korean summit meeting between the South Korean president Roh Moo-Hyun and the North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il. It was to be a Special Economic Zone centered on the Haeju port. The zone would have consisted of 16.5 km2 of development, and also the expansion of the Haeju port. This project was estimated to cost over US$4.5 billion.

This economic agreement between South Korea and North Korea would have allowed trading across the Northern Limit Line[7] between the ports of Incheon and Haeju, only 110 km apart. Recent military skirmishes make any revival of this deal unlikely for the time being.

Transportation

Haeju has a military and civilian dual purposes air station (HAE), with a 12/30 runway (Haeju Airport). Haeju also has one of the major economic and military ports in North Korea. It is connected to Sariwŏn via the Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

Education

Haeju is home to Haeju University of Education, Haeju College of Art, and Kim Je Won Haeju University of Agriculture. Sohyon Academy (소현서원) was a Confucian academy founded by the famous scholar Yi Yulgok (1536–84). It is situated in the Unbyong Valley west of Haeju.

Media

The Korean Central Broadcasting Station airs on AM 1080 kHz using a 1.5-megawatt mediumwave transmitter.

Sister cities

People born in Haeju

Haeju is the home of the Haeju Choi and the Haeju Oh clan.

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See also

Notes
  1. In the 19th century, Haeju was sometimes spelled Hai-tsiou.[1]
  2. Station ID for Haeju is 47069 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

Citations
  1. EB (1878), p. 390.
  2. William Blum (2004). Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II. Zed Books Ltd. pp. 46–48.
  3. "Klimatafel von Haeju / Korea (Nordkorea)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  4. "Station 47069 Haeju". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  5. "Station Haeju" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  6. "중앙일보 - 아시아 첫 인터넷 신문".
  7. Rodger Baker (24 November 2010). "Importance of the Koreas' Northern Limit Line". STRATFOR. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  8. "Agreements Signed between DPRK and Ecuador". KCNA. 27 April 2008. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  9. "Sister Relations Established between Cities in DPRK and Russia". KCNA. 30 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

Bibliography

Further reading
  • Dormels, Rainer. North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification. Jimoondang, 2014. ISBN 978-89-6297-167-5

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