HMS Wilhelmina (1798)

HMS Wilhelmina was a 32-gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was previously a Dutch ship and had been built in 1787 for the Dutch Republic as the Wilhelmina. She was renamed Furie in 1795, after the establishment of the Batavian Republic as a client state of the First French Empire. Like other Dutch ships at that time, she was pressed into service as part of French plans to support the Irish Rebellion of 1798 in the hope of destabilising Britain. The British captured her and the Dutch corvette Waakzaamheid in 1798 while the two were supporting French and Irish forces involved in the Irish Rebellion. The Royal Navy took both into service, with Furie regaining her original name. Sailing as HMS Wilhelmina, she spent the bulk of her later career in the East Indies, serving mostly as a troopship. Here she fought an unequal battle against a large French privateer, and succeeded in driving her off and protecting a merchant she was escorting. Wilhelmina was almost the ship that faced a superior French squadron at the Battle of Vizagapatam, but she was replaced beforehand by the larger HMS Centurion. She spent the rest of her days as a guardship in Penang, and was sold there in 1813.

Capture of the Furie & Waakzamheid, 23 October 1798 Thomas Whitcombe, 1816
History
Batavian Republic
Name:	Wilhelmina
Builder:	Flushing
Launched:	1787
Renamed:	Furie in 1795
Captured:	By the Royal Navy on 24 October 1798
Great Britain
Name:	HMS Wilhelmina
Acquired:	24 October 1798
Honours and awards:	Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Egypt"[1]
Fate:	Sold in January 1813
General characteristics [2]
Class and type:	32-gun fifth rate frigate
Tons burthen:	826​^81⁄94 (bm)
Length:	133 ft (40.5 m) (overall) 109 ft 1 in (33.2 m) (keel)
Beam:	37 ft 9 in (11.5 m)
Depth of hold:	12 ft 4 in (3.76 m)
Propulsion:	Sails
Sail plan:	Full rigged ship
Complement:	244 (121 as troopship)
Armament:	As frigate: Upper deck: 26 x 12-pounder guns QD: 4 x 6-pounder guns Fc: 2 x 6-pounder guns + 4 x 24-pounder carronades As troopship: Upper deck: 18 x 9-pounder guns QD/Fc: 2 x 6-pounder guns + 1 x 12-pounder carronades

Dutch career and capture

Main article: Action of 24 October 1798

Wilhelmina was built at Flushing in 1787, and armed with 32 guns.[2] She sailed under that name for eight years for the Dutch Republic until the invasion of the Netherlands by the French in 1795 and the establishment of the Batavian Republic led to her being renamed Furie.[2]

In 1798 she was part of the Dutch contribution hastily assembled to support the uprising of the United Irishmen in 1798. Furie, under the command of Captain Bartholomeus Pletz, and the 24-gun corvette Waakzaamheid under Captain Meindert van Neirop, were dispatched to carry men and supplies to Ireland.[3] Furie embarked 165 troops and Waakzaamheid 122. In addition, the ships carried over 6,000 stands of arms and large quantities of other military stores with which to arm the Irish irregular forces that they expected to meet.[4] The two ships sailed from the Netherlands on the night of 23/24 October, and by 08:00 were 30 nautical miles (56 km) northwest of the Texel, sailing westwards towards the English Channel. There the British frigate Sirius, under the command of Captain Richard King, spotted them.[5] Sirius had been stationed off the Texel to watch for Dutch movements and intercept any ships of smaller or equal size entering or leaving the waterway. Although van Neirop's squadron outnumbered King's ship, the British vessel was much larger and faster, and the Dutch were also hampered by their position: the two ships were more than 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) apart, too far to offer mutual support against their opponent.[3]

King first attacked the smaller and slower Waakzaamheid, avoiding contact with the larger Furie as he did so. At 09:00 Sirius came alongside Waakzaamheid and fired a gun at her, prompting van Neirop to surrender immediately.[3] King secured Waakzaamheid and set off in pursuit of Furie, which was attempting to flee to the west. The chase lasted the rest of the day, with Sirius eventually coming within range at 17:00.[6] The two ships exchanged broadsides for half an hour, as Pletz attempted to maneuver out of King's range.[3] Furie was soon badly damaged whereas only one shot Dutch shot had struck Sirius, and that on the bowsprit. At approximately 17:30, Pletz surrendered, having lost eight dead and 14 wounded; Sirius had only one man wounded. King transferred the prisoners and placed a prize crew on Furie before returning to the Nore with his prizes.[4]

British career

Furie came into Sheerness on 17 November 1798. She was commissioned as HMS Wilhelmina under Captain David Atkins in January 1800 and was then fitted as a troopship at Woolwich between January and September 1800 for the sum of £10,914.[2] Captain Charles Herbert took command in April that year and Commander James Lind succeeded him in 1801.[2]

Wilhelmina was among the vessels that served during the British campaign in Egypt between 8 March and 2 September. She carried troops for General Ralph Abercromby's landing at Abū Qīr, in the face of strenuous opposition, which is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the British army. Because Wilhelmina served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 2 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal, which the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants.[1]

Lind sailed Wilhelmina to the East Indies later that year. In 1802 she was in the Red Sea, supporting General Baird's expedition to Egypt to help General Ralph Abercromby expel the French there. On 14 June 1802 the transport Calcutta wrecked on the Egyptian coast in the Red Sea. She was carrying 331 men of the 80th Regiment of Foot and 79 native Indian followers. Romney arrived the next day, as did two transports. Only Romney was able to get her boats out but they were able to rescue and deliver to the shore all but seven men who had died in an early attempt to reach shore. Captain Sir Home Riggs Popham left HMS Duchess of York to salvage anything that could be salvaged and then sailed to Suez from whence he dispatched Wilhelmina to pick up the troops on the 15th and carry them back to India.[7]

Lind remained with Wilhelmina until 1803. She then came under the temporary command of Lieutenant William Dobbie.

In May 1803 Commander Henry Lambert took command.[2] In September Whilhelmina stopped briefly at Hambantota, Ceylon, where she dropped off an eight-man detachment from the Royal Artillery, who reinforced the British garrison there and later helped it repel a Kandian attack.[8]

Battling the Psyche

On 9 April 1804 Wilhelmina was escorting the country ship William Petrie to Trincomalee when she sighted a strange sail.[9] The unknown ship was the 36-gun French privateer Psyche, under the command of Captain Trogoff.

Psyche outgunned Wilhelmina, which was armed en flûte.[10] Nevertheless, Lambert sailed towards Psyche to give William Petrie a chance to escape.

Light winds meant that the engagement did not begin until 11 April, when both ships opened fire, exchanging broadsides and attempting to tack around to rake their opponent.[11] After several hours fighting, Psyche broke off and fled. Both ships had sustained heavy damage, Wilhelmina to her masts and rigging, while Psyche was in a near-sinking condition.[11] Wilhelmina had nine of her crew wounded, three mortally and six slightly, while Psyche lost ten killed and 32 wounded, 13 of them mortally.[12] Wilhelmina put into port, while William Petrie also arrived safely at her destination.[13]

Almost a year later, on 14 February 1805, Lambert, now Captain (Acting) of San Fiorenzo would meet Psyche, now a frigate of the French Navy, in battle off the Malabar Coast of India. Lambert was victorious in a sanguinary action that resulted in the British taking Psyche into service as HMS Psyche.[14] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "San Fiorenzo 14 Feby. 1805" to any still surviving claimants from the action.[15]

Missed battle

In mid-1804 Wilhelmina was assigned to escort a small convoy of East Indiamen.[2] Because a French squadron under Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois was raiding merchant shipping in the East Indies, the British commander in the area, Admiral Peter Rainier decided to replace Wilhelmina with the larger HMS Centurion.[16] Consequently, it was Centurion that resisted Linois's forces at the Battle of Vizagapatam in September 1804.[17]

Fate

Captain Charles Foote took command of Wilhelmina in 1807, followed in an acting capacity by Commander William Hext in April 1809. She remained in the East Indies during this entire period.[2] Commander Samuel Leslie took over in March 1811, followed in 1812 by Lieutenant George Norton.[2] She became the guardship at Prince of Wales Island (Penang), and was sold there in January 1813.[2]

Citations and references

Citations

1. "No. 21077". The London Gazette. 15 March 1850. pp. 791–792.
2. Winfield (2008), p. 198.
3. Clowes (1900), pp. 516-7. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFClowes1900 (help)
4. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2. p. 241. ISBN 978-1-146-72298-8.
5. Laughton, J. K. (2004). "King, Sir Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription Required). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15589. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
6. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2. p. 240. ISBN 978-1-146-72298-8.
7. The Asiatic Annual Register; Or, A View of the History of Hindustan,: And of the Politics, Commerce, and Literature of Asia, ... (1803), pp.152-3.
8. "No. 15689". The London Gazette. 3 April 1804. p. 405.
9. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 382. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.
10. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 383. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.
11. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.
12. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. pp. 385–6. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.
13. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.
14. "No. 15834". The London Gazette. 13 August 1805. p. 1031.
15. "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 240.
16. "No. 15788". The London Gazette. 12 March 1805. p. 333.
17. James. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-153-05656-4.

References

• Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV. Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-013-5. OCLC 59659759.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
• James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 2, 1797–1799. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-906-5. OCLC 255340498.
• James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1800–1805. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-907-2.
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.