HMS Trafalgar (1887)

HMS Trafalgar was one of two Trafalgar class battleships commissioned in 1890 and 1891, the other being HMS Nile. The ship was designed as an improved version of existing battleships with greater displacement and a thicker armoured belt amidships. Trafalgar saw active service as a battleship from 1890 to 1897 and from 1909 to 1911 when she was sold. Between these two periods as a combatant, Trafalgar served as a guardship and as a drill ship.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Trafalgar.

History
United Kingdom
Name: Trafalgar
Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
Laid down: 18 January 1886
Launched: 20 September 1887
Commissioned: 2 April 1890
Fate: Sold for scrapping 9 April 1912
General characteristics [1]
Class and type: Trafalgar class battleship
Displacement: 12,590 tons
Length: 345 ft (105 m) p/p
Beam: 73 ft (22 m)
Draught: 28 ft 6 in (8.69 m)
Propulsion:
  • 2-shaft Humphries triple expansion
  • 7,500 ihp normal draught, 12,102 ihp (9,024 kW) forced draught
Speed:
  • 15.1 knots (28.0 km/h) normal draught
  • 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h) forced draught
Complement: 577
Armament:
  • 4 × BL 13.5-inch (343 mm) guns
  • 6 × QF 4.7-inch (120-mm) guns
  • 8 × 6-pounder (57 mm) guns
  • 9 × QF 3-pounder (47 mm) guns
  • 6 × torpedo tubes
Armour:
  • Belt: 20 in (508 mm) amidships, 14 in (356 mm) at ends
  • Forward Bulkheads: 16 in (406 mm)
  • After bulkhead: 14 in (356 mm)
  • Citadel: 16–18 in (406–457 mm)
  • Turrets: 18 in (457 mm)
  • Conning tower: 14 in (356 mm)
  • Battery bulkheads: 4–5 in (102–127 mm)
  • Deck: 3 in (76 mm)
Service record
Part of:

Design

The two ships were designed to be improved versions of the Admiral and Victoria classes, having a greater displacement to allow for improved protection. However they sacrificed a full armoured belt for greater thickness amidships in a partial belt.

As originally designed, Trafalgar was to have displaced 11,940 tons, and carried a secondary armament of ten guns of 5 inches (130 mm) calibre, disposed in the broadside battery. Changes made during construction however, led to an increase in displacement to 12,590 tons; this led to the ships draught being increased by 12 inches (300 mm) from the initial design, and 18 inches (460 mm) with full bunkers. This in turn led to the main belt being immersed to a deeper level than had been intended, with a potential decrease in defensive effect in combat.

In October 1896 the secondary battery of 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns was replaced by a more powerful battery of six 6-inch (150 mm) quick firers.

The main artillery, while situated at a militarily effective height of 14 feet (4.3 m) above sea level, were only 42 inches (1,100 mm) above the deck. It was thought possible that firing along the keel line might cause structural damage; tests requested by the Chief Constructor, however, showed the potential damage to be minimal.

As compared to HMS Sans Pareil, Trafalgar's under-water hull form was finer, with a larger rudder. Together with the reduced freeboard as compared to earlier ships, this had a significantly adverse effect on her handling; as she spent her active service in relatively calm water in the Mediterranean, however, this defect was of minimal importance.

Service history
Officers, crewmen and two dogs on the quarterdeck, at Malta, 1897

She was completed, except for her main armament, in only three years and three months. The delay in the production of her guns meant that she was not commissioned, as second flagship Mediterranean Fleet until 2 April 1890. She served in this position until October 1897, when she paid off at Portsmouth. She was recommissioned, and stayed there as guardship until August 1902, taking part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[2] Captain George Anson Primrose was appointed in command in December 1899. She remained thereafter in reserve until 1907, when she went to Sheerness to serve as a drill ship for crews of turrets and of submerged torpedo tubes. In April 1909 she reverted to active service with the fourth division of the Home Fleet, based at the Nore. She was sold on 9 March 1911.

HMS Trafalgar, sometime during the 1890s
gollark: Maybe.
gollark: Except possibly accessibilitywise?
gollark: No.
gollark: It's also somewhat cheaper/higher capacity than normal DRAM.
gollark: And via use of something something memory bus the I/O to it can also be lower latency than NVMe.

Notes and references
  1. Chesneau, Koleśnik & Campbell 1979, p. 31.
  2. "The Coronation - Naval Review". The Times (36845). London. 13 August 1902. p. 4.

Bibliography
  • K. McBride, Nile and Trafalgar, The Last British Ironclads, in Warship 2000–2001, Conways Maritime Press
  • D. K. Brown, Warrior to Dreadnought, Warship Development 1860–1906, ISBN 1-84067-529-2
  • Oscar Parkes, British Battleships ISBN 0-85052-604-3
  • Chesneau, Roger; Koleśnik, Eugène M.; Campbell, N.J.M. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.