HMS Partridge (G30)

HMS Partridge was a P-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. The O-class were intermediate destroyers, designed before the outbreak of the Second World War to meet likely demands for large number of destroyers. They had a main gun armament of four 4.7 in (120 mm) guns, and had a design speed of 36 kn (41 mph; 67 km/h). Partridge was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at their Govan, Scotland shipyard, launching on 5 August 1941 and completing on 22 February 1942.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Partridge.
Partridge at anchor
History
United Kingdom
Name: HMS Partridge
Ordered: 2 October 1939
Builder: Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan
Laid down: 3 June 1940
Launched: 5 August 1941
Completed: 22 February 1942
Fate: Sunk 18 December 1942
General characteristics
Class and type: P-class destroyer
Displacement: 1,550 long tons (1,570 t) standard
Length: 345 ft (105.16 m) o/a
Beam: 35 ft (10.67 m)
Draught: 9 ft (2.74 m)
Installed power:
  • 40,000 shp (30,000 kW)
  • 2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers
Propulsion: 2 shafts; Parsons geared steam turbines
Speed: 36.75 knots (68.06 km/h; 42.29 mph)
Range: 3,850 nmi (7,130 km; 4,430 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Armament:

Partridge served mainly in the Mediterranean Sea during the war, taking part in the Malta convoy Harpoon in June 1942. She was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-565 west of Oran on 18 December 1942.

Design

The P-class (and the preceding O-class) destroyers were designed prior to the outbreak of the Second World War to meet the Royal navy's need for large numbers of destroyers in the event of war occurring. They were an intermediate between the large destroyers designed for fleet operations (such as the Tribal-class) and the smaller and slower Hunt-class escort destroyers.[1][2] It was originally planned for both classes of destroyers to have a main gun armament of 4.7 inch (120 mm ) guns, but supply problems with the 4.7 inch mounts resulted in the decision to complete the eight P-class ships with 4-inch (102 mm) dual purpose (capable of both anti-ship and anti-aircraft fire) guns.[3]

Partridge was 345 ft (105.16 m) long overall, 337 ft (102.72 m) at the waterline and 328 ft 9 in (100.20 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 35 ft (10.67 m) and a draught of 9 ft (2.74 m) mean and 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m) full load.[1][4] Displacement was 1,550 long tons (1,570 t) standard and 2,250 long tons (2,290 t) full load.[4] Two Admiralty three-drum boilers fed steam at 300 psi (2,100 kPa) and 620 °F (327 °C) to two sets of Parsons single-reduction geared steam turbines which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at 40,000 shp (30,000 kW) giving a maximum speed of 36.75 kn (42.3 mph; 68.1 km/h), corresponding to 33 kn (38 mph; 61 km/h) at deep load 500 long tons (510 t) of oil was carried, giving a radius of 3,850 nmi (4,430 mi; 7,130 km) at 20 kn (23 mph; 37 km/h). The ship had a crew of 176 officers and men.[4][5]

Partridge had a main gun armament of five 4-inch (102 mm) QF Mark V anti-aircraft guns in single mounts.[6][5][lower-alpha 1] Close-in anti-aircraft armament of one quadruple 2-pounder "pom-pom" mount together with four single Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, with two on the bridge wings and two further aft abreast the searchlight platform.[8][7][9] A single quadruple 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes was carried.[lower-alpha 2] Four depth charge throwers were fitted, with 70 depth charges carried.[10]

Service history

The ship was ordered as part of the Second Emergency Flotilla on 2 October 1939,[11] at a contract price of £404,046 (excluding government provided equipment such as armament),[3] and was laid down at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company's Govan shipyard on 3 June 1940, was launched on 5 August 1941 and completed on 22 February 1942 with the Pennant number G30.[12][13]

After commissioning and workup, Partridge was deployed to Gibraltar in April 1942, and was attached to Force H.[14] She was part of the escort for the American aircraft carrier USS Wasp in Operation Calendar, during which 47 Supermarine Spitfire fighter aircraft were flown off Wasp on 20 April 1942 to reinforce the fighter defences of Malta. 46 of the Spitfires reached Malta.[15] The requirement for reinforcement of Malta's defences continued, and 8–9 May Partridge was an escort in Operation Bowery, when Wasp and the British carrier Eagle flew off 64 Spitfires.[16] On 17–20 May 1942, Force H, including Partridge escorted Eagle as she flew off a further 17 Spitfires to Malta,[17][18] and on 7–9 June, when Eagle flew off a further 32 Spitfires.[19][18]

From 12 June, Partridge took part in Operation Harpoon, one of two supply convoys planned to be run to Malta simultaneously from the west and east, with Harpoon setting out from Gibraltar, while Operation Vigorous ran from Egypt. Partridge formed part of the close escort for Harpoon, intended to escort the convoy all the way to Malta. The convoy came under heavy air attack from Italian and German aircraft on 14 June, which were fended off with the loss of one merchant ship and damage to the cruiser Liverpool, with the covering force leaving the convoy as planned on the evening of 14 June as the convoy reached the Strait of Sicily. On 15 June, the air attacks on the remaining ships of the convoy continued, while at the same time, an Italian force of two cruisers (Raimondo Montecuccoli, Eugenio di Savoia) and five destroyers (Ascari, Alfredo Oriani, Lanzerotto Malocello, Premuda and Ugolino Vivaldi) attempted to attack the convoy. In response, the five British fleet destroyers remaining with the convoy (Bedouin, Ithuriel, Marne, Matchless and Partridge attacked the more powerful Italian force, while the remainder of the convoy steered away. Partridge was hit three times by Italian shells, and was temporarily immobilised by steam leaks in the engine room, while Bedouin was also heavily hit and immobilised, but the British ships managed to drive off the Italian attack. Partridge and Bedouin could not keep up with the convoy and were ordered to return to Gibraltar, with Partridge, which had managed to restore some power, taking Bedouin under tow. Later that day, however, the Italian cruisers again approached, forcing Partridge to abandon the attempt to tow Bedouin, which was sunk by an Italian torpedo bomber. Partridge, while further damaged by Italian air attacks, managed to survive, reaching Gibraltar on 17 June.[20][21][22][14][23]

Partridge was under repair at the Wallsend Slipway & Engineering Company on Tyneside, England until August 1942. She then returned to Gibraltar where she escorted convoys to Freetown in Sierra Leone, returning to the UK in October that year for maintenance and repair on the Clyde.[14] On 8 November 1942, British and American forces invaded French North Africa in Operation Torch, with Partridge part of Force H, which was positioned to protect the landings at Oran and Algiers against any interference by the Italian or Vichy French fleets.[24][25][26] On 18 December 1942, Partridge was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-565 when on anti-submarine patrol 50 miles west of Oran (35°50′N 42°25′E). 173 survivors were rescued by sister ship Penn, with 37 killed.[14][27]

Notes
  1. Mark III guns according to English.[7]
  2. Although a second bank of four tubes could be fitted at the expense of one of the 4-inch guns, this modification was not carried out on Partridge.[10]

Citations
  1. Whitley 2000, p. 124
  2. Lenton 1970, p. 3
  3. English 2008, p. 11
  4. Lenton 1970, p. 9
  5. Gardiner & Chesneau 1980, p. 42
  6. Whitley 2000, p. 125
  7. English 2008, p. 13
  8. Lenton 1970, pp. 5, 9
  9. Friedman 2008, p. 57
  10. Lenton 1970, p. 7
  11. English 2008, p. 10
  12. Friedman 2008, p. 327
  13. English 2008, p. 206
  14. English 2008, p. 31
  15. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 135
  16. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 138
  17. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 140
  18. Barnett 2000, p. 505
  19. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 144
  20. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 145–146
  21. Barnett 2000, pp. 505–509
  22. Roskill 1956, pp. 63–66
  23. H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action 1952, p. 205
  24. Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 174–175
  25. Winser 2002, p. 70
  26. Roskill 1956, p. 315
  27. Mason, Geoffrey B. (7 August 2011). "HMS Partridge (G 30) - P-class Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements". Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2. naval-history.net. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
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References
  • Barnett, Correlli (2000). Engage the Enemy More Closely. Classic Penguin. ISBN 0-141-39008-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • English, John (2008). Obdurate to Daring: British Fleet Destroyers 1941–1945. Windsor, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 978-0-9560769-0-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Friedman, Norman (2008). British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action: 3rd. SEPT. 1939 to 2nd. SEPT. 1945. Admiralty. 1952. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  • Lenton, H. T. (1970). Navies of the Second World War: British Fleet and Escort Destroyers: Volume Two. London. ISBN 0-356-03122-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Roskill, S. W. (1956). The War at Sea 1939–1945: Volume II: The Period of Balance. History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series. London: HMSO – via Hyperwar.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Whitley, M. J. (2000). Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Winser, John de S. (2002). British Invasion Fleets: The Mediterranean and beyond 1942–1945. Gravesend, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-9543310-0-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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