Gymnopilus sapineus

Gymnopilus sapineus, commonly known as scaly rustgill, is a small and widely distributed mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead conifer wood. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste. It is unclear whether this species or its relatives contain the hallucinogen psilocybin.

Gymnopilus sapineus growing from rotten wood chips

Gymnopilus sapineus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Cortinariaceae
Genus:
Gymnopilus
Species:
G. sapineus
Binomial name
Gymnopilus sapineus
Synonyms[1]

Agaricus sapineus Fries (1815)

Gymnopilus sapineus
float
Mycological characteristics
gills on hymenium
cap is convex
hymenium is adnate
stipe has a ring
spore print is reddish-brown
ecology is saprotrophic
edibility: inedible
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Taxonomy

Speciation in Gymnopilus is not clearly defined.[2] This is further complicated by the macroscopic morphological and ecological similarities between members of the G. sapineus complex such as G. penetrans and G. navadensis. Michael Kuo explicates upon this by speaking of the arbitrary distinction made between G. sapineus and G. penetrans made by Elias Fries.[3] He, at first labeled G. penetrans to merely be a form of G. sapineus in 1815, but then recanted and labeled them separate in 1821.

Description

This mushroom is often mistaken for Gymnopilus luteocarneus which grows on conifers and has a smoother and darker cap. Another lookalike is Gymnopilus penetrans which grows in the same habitat and has minor microscopic differences.[3]

Cap: The cap is 2.5–6 cm (0.98–2.36 in) across, is convex, and is golden-yellow to brownish orange, darker at the center with a dry scaly surface which is often fibrillose and may have squamules. The cap margin is inrolled at first and curves outward as it matures, becoming almost plane and sometimes developing fibrillose cracks in age. The flesh is yellow to orange and delicate as compared to larger and firmer members of Gymnopilus, such as G. junonius.

Gills: The gills are crowded, yellow at first, turning rusty orange as the spores mature, with adnate attachments.

Microscopic Features: Gymnopilus sapineus spores are rusty orange to rusty brown, elliptical, rough, and 7 - 10 x 4 - 6 μm.

Stipe:: The stipe is 2.5–7 cm (0.98–2.76 in) long and .5 cm (0.20 in) thick. It has an equal structure or becoming thinner near the base. It is light yellow, bruising rusty brown. The stipe has an evanescent veil which often leaves fragments on the upper part of the stipe or the margin of young caps.
Taste: Gymnopilus sapineus sometimes tastes bitter, sometimes it does not, and it has a fungoid or sweet smell.

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See also

Media related to G. penetrans at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to G. sapineus at Wikimedia Commons

References
  1. "Gymopilus sapineus (Fr.) Murrill".
  2. Guzmán-Dávalos, Laura; Mueller, Gregory M.; Cifuentes, Joaquín; Miller, Andrew N.; Santerre, Anne (Nov–Dec 2003). "Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data" (PDF). Mycologia. 95 (6): 1204–1214. doi:10.2307/3761920. JSTOR 3761920. PMID 21149021.
  3. Gymnopilus sapineus at MushroomExpert
  • Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp.
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