Grodno Yeshiva

Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah – Grodna, often referred to as the Grodna Yeshiva or simply as Grodna, was a Orthodox Jewish yeshiva in the Belarusian city of Grodna, then under Russian rule. Founded during World War I, Rabbi Shimon Shkop became rosh yeshiva in 1920.

This article is about the yeshiva in pre-World War II Europe. For the yeshiva in Queens, NY, see Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah.
Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah
ישיבה שער התורה
Location
Grodno

Second Polish Republic
preset-day Belarus
Information
Religious affiliation(s)Orthodox Judaism
Established1914 or 1916
Closed1939
DeanRabbi Shimon Shkop
Enrollment200+ students
Rabbi Shimon Shkop

Early Years

The yeshiva was founded in either 1914[1] or 1916, formed with the enrollment of yeshiva students who were displaced from the ongoing World War I.[2] Rabbi Refael Alter Shmuelevitz (father of Rabbi Chaim Shmuelevitz), was appointed as rosh yeshiva[3], and Rabbi Yosef Leib Nenedik was the yeshiva's first mashgiach ruchani. Rabbi Moshe Trop, (father of Rabbi Naftoli Trop), was also on the yeshiva's faculty.[4]

Rabbi Shimon Shkop

In 1920, at the urging of Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman, as well as the encouragement of Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (the Chofetz Chaim) and Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzenski, Rabbi Shimon Shkop became rosh yeshiva. Rabbi Shlomo Harkavy became mashgiach around that time too; as part of his job, he was supposed to give students mussar (rebuke) when they did something wrong. However, as opposed to directly approaching a student and rebuking him for a specific act, he would simply talk about that type of wrongdoing with another person while in earshot of the student.[5] A son-in-law of Rabbi Shkop, Rabbi Shraga Feivel Hindis, also taught in the yeshiva.

The hasmadah (diligence in Torah study) in the yeshiva was well known, with the average student studying fifteen hours each day. The most diligent students were called the "Lions of Grodno" or in Yiddish, the "Ariyos fun Grodno"; they were capable of leanring for eighteen hours a day. Among the "lions" were Moshe Zaretsky and Yisrael Zev Gustman, future rosh yeshiva in Ramailes. The two both used stay in the beis medrash (Torah study hall) for months, immersed in Torah learning. The yeshiva schedule was extremely rigorous with shacharis at seven o'clock in the morning and night seder (learning session) finishing at 1 AM.[6]

The yeshiva was divided into two schools: the yeshiva ketana for younger students and the yeshiva gedolah for older ones. Rabbi Chaim Shmuelevitz gave a shiur (class) in the yeshiva ketana. The rosh yeshiva, Rabbi Shkop gave shiur for the yeshiva gedolah. Rabbi Shkop's shiur would sometimes last over two hours long.

Under his leadership, the yeshiva grew to over 200 students.[7]

Disbandment and Legacy

At the Soviet Occupation of Poland in 1939, the yeshiva disbanded and fled to Vilnius. Rabbi Shkop however wasn't healthy enough for the journey, and remained in Grodno, where he passed away soon after.

The yeshiva was reestablished in Queens, New York and led by Rabbi Zelig Epstein, a grandson-in-law of Rabbi Shkop, under the same name, Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah.[8] Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman opened another reestablishment of the yeshiva in Ashdod, Israel, as a branch of his Ponovezh Yeshiva.

Notable Alumni
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See also

References
  1. Zakon, Rabbi Nachman (June 2003). The Jewish Experiance: 2,000 Years: A Collection of Significant Events (Second ed.). Shaar Press. p. 166. ISBN 1-57819-496-2.
  2. Krohn, Rabbi Paysach (January 2007). Traveling with the Maggid. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, Ltd. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-4226-0229-4.
  3. "Rabbi Shimon Shkop". Eilatgordinlevitan.com. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  4. "History of the Jewish Community of Grodno (cont.)". Jewishgen.com. JewishGen. Retrieved August 9, 2020. In the period under consideration, Rabbi Moshe Trop was among the best known Yeshiva heads in Grodno. The father of Rabbi Naftali, head of the Radin Yeshiva, he introduced the system of logical analysis in the studies and was the leading spirit there.
  5. Page, David (January 2017). Rav Gustman (First ed.). Mesorah Publications, LTD. p. 53. ISBN 1-4226-1859-5. R' Shlomo Harkavy, the Mashgiach of Grodno, gave...mussar in the Grodno style, by speaking not to...[the student] directly, but rather in front of him.
  6. Page, David (January 2017). Rav Gustman (First ed.). Mesorah Publications, LTD. pp. 44–45. ISBN 1-4226-1859-5.
  7. Krohn, Rabbi Paysach (January 2007). Traveling with the Maggid. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications, Ltd. p. 203=207. ISBN 978-1-4226-0229-4.
  8. Zakon, Rabbi Nachman (June 2003). The Jewish Experiance: 2,000 Years: A Collection of Significant Events (Second ed.). Shaar Press. p. 166. ISBN 1-57819-496-2.
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