Great roundleaf bat

The great roundleaf bat, also known as the great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. It gives birth to two young a year. It has been assessed as least concern by the IUCN. [1]

Great roundleaf bat

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Hipposideridae
Genus: Hipposideros
Species:
H. armiger
Binomial name
Hipposideros armiger
(Hodgson, 1835)
Great roundleaf bat range

Taxonomy

There are 4 recognised subspecies of the bat. They are:

  • H. a. armiger
  • H. a. fujianensis
  • H. a. terasensis
  • H. a. traninhensis[2]

Description

The great roundleaf bat is similar in appearance to the closely related intermediate roundleaf bat (H. larvatus). However, the great roundleaf bat is larger and possesses four, not three, lateral accessory leaflets on each side of the main noseleaf. This bat has a forearm length up to 9.8 cm [3], and weighs up to 60 g.[4] After an experiment published by Kathryn Knight [5], in which they painted the accessory leaflets and the ears and videotaped, it was concluded that when they clicked the leaflets closed and their ears bent down. When listening to the clicking they opened their noseleaf and their ears.

Biology

Reproduction

It breeds once a year and gives birth to two young. Females have been found pregnant from January to early May, while the young were seen attached to their mothers from February to June.[1][2]

Diet

The bat is insectivorous, with its diet mainly being composed of beetles, butterflies and moths, flies, and Hymenoptera. It has been observed foraging in cleared woodland, gardens, between avenues of trees, and around street lights.[6][2]

Echolocation

The bat echolocates with a frequency of 65 — 75 kHz.

Habitat and distribution

The bat has been recorded throughout South and Southeast Asia.

It has been recorded in Northern and Northeastern India, along with Central, Eastern and Western Nepal in South Asia. It is found south of the Yangtze river in China, and has also been recorded on the islands of Hong Kong and Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, it has been recorded in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia. It has been recorded at elevations of 100-2031 meters asl.

It is a low-flying species. In South Asia, the species is a high altitude species that is found in montane and bamboo forests. It has been recorded roosting alone, as well as in small colonies of several bats, sharing its roosting space in caves, lofts of houses, verandahs of old houses, and old temples with bats of other species.

In China, the species is found in a variety of habitats. They are known to roost in caves and a variety of man-made structures in colonies of hundreds of bats that are shared with Rhinolopus bats.

In Southeast Asia, the bat roosts in caves, but is known to forage in areas far from its roosts.[1]

Conservation

The species is common throughout its range, and has a large population. It has been assessed as least concern by the IUCN.

Localized threats to the species include deforestation, agriculture, mining, and roost disturbance in South Asia, and roost disturbance and subsistence hunting in Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand.

The species occurs in several protected areas across its range.[1]

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References
  1. Bates, P.J.J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Oo, S.S.L. (2020). "Hipposideros armiger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10110A22097743. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10110A22097743.en. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  2. "Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
  3. "Great Roundleaf Bat - Hipposideros armiger". www.ecologyasia.com. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  4. Wang, Yao; Zhu, Tengteng; Ke, Shanshan; Fang, Na; Irwin, David M.; Lei, Ming; Zhang, Junpeng; Shi, Huizhen; Zhang, Shuyi (2014-11-13). "The Great Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros armiger) as a Good Model for Cold-Induced Browning of Intra-Abdominal White Adipose Tissue". PLOS ONE. 9 (11): e112495. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k2495W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112495. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4231071. PMID 25393240.
  5. "Great roundleaf bats coordinate noseleaf and ear gyrations". www.jeb-biologists-org.proxy.cc.uic.edu/content/222/18/jeb213686. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  6. "Hipposideros armiger". www.bio.bris.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
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