Glycol nucleic acid

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is a polymer similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its "backbone". GNA is not known to occur naturally; they are synthesized chemically.

Comparison of skeletons of T residue of GNA (red) and natural T nucleotide in DNA (blue))

The 2,3-dihydroxypropylnucleoside analogues were first prepared by Ueda et al. (1971). Soon thereafter it was shown that phosphate-linked oligomers of the analogues do in fact exhibit hypochromicity in the presence of RNA and DNA in solution (Seita et al. 1972). The preparation of the polymers was later described by Cook et al. (1995, 1999) and Acevedo and Andrews (1996). The GNA-GNA self-pairing described by Zhang and Meggers is however novel, and the specificity of interaction well-demonstrated.

DNA and RNA have a deoxyribose and ribose sugar backbone, respectively, whereas GNA's backbone is composed of repeating glycol units linked by phosphodiester bonds. The glycol unit has just three carbon atoms and still shows Watson-Crick base pairing. The Watson-Crick base pairing is much more stable in GNA than its natural counterparts DNA and RNA as it requires a high temperature to melt a duplex of GNA. It is possibly the simplest of the nucleic acids, making it a hypothetical precursor to RNA.

See also

References

    Further reading
    • Zhang L, Peritz A, Meggers E (March 2005). "A simple glycol nucleic acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (12): 4174–5. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.622.8528. doi:10.1021/ja042564z. PMID 15783191.
    • Seita, Tooru; Yamauchi, Kiyoshi; Kinoshita, Masayoshi; Imoto, Minoru. Condensation polymerization of nucleotide analogues. Die Makromolekulare Chemie (1972), 154:255-261.
    • Ueda N, Kawabata T, Takemoto K (October 1971). "Synthesis of N‐(2, 3‐dihydroxypropyl) derivatives of nucleic bases". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 8 (5): 827–9. doi:10.1002/jhet.5570080527.
    • Acevedo OL, Andrews RS (June 1996). "Synthesis of propane-2, 3-diol combinatorial monomers". Tetrahedron Letters. 37 (23): 3931–4. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(96)00745-9.
    • Cook, Phillip Dan; Acevedo, Oscar L.; Davis, Peter W.; Ecker, David J.; Hebert, Normand. Synthesis of acyclic oligonucleotides as antiviral and antiinflammatory agents and inhibitors of phospholipase A2. PCT Int. Appl. (1995), 126 pp. WO 9518820 A1 19950713 CAN 124:30276 AN 1995:982328
    • Cook, Phillip Dan; Acevedo, Oscar L.; Davis, Peter W.; Ecker, David J.; Hebert, Normand. Preparation of ethylene glycol phosphate linked oligodeoxyribonucleotides as phospholipase A2 inhibitors. U.S. (1999), 39 pp., Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 179,970. CODEN: USXXAM US 5886177 A 19990323 CAN 130:237811 AN 1999:205354
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