Gimi language

Gimi (Labogai) is a Papuan language spoken in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

Gimi
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionEastern Highlands Province
Native speakers
(22,500 cited 1981)[1]
Dialects
  • Gouno
Language codes
ISO 639-3gim
Glottologgimi1243[2]

Phonology

Gimi has 5 vowels and 12 consonants.[3] It has voiceless and voiced glottal consonants where related languages have /k/ and /ɡ/. The voiceless glottal is simply a glottal stop [ʔ]. The voiced consonant behaves phonologically like a glottal stop, but does not have full closure. Phonetically it is a creaky-voiced glottal approximant [ʔ̞].[4]

Vowels
Front Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low ɑ

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t ʔ
voiced b d ʔ̞
Nasal m n
Tap/Flap ɾ
Fricative voiceless s h
voiced z

Allophony

/p/ occurs word initially only in loanwords.

/b/ can surface as either [b] or [β] in free variation.

/z/ becomes [s] before /ɑ/.

/t/ and /ɾ/ tend to fluctuate with one another word initially.

Syllables

The syllable structure is (C)V(G), where G is either /ʔ/ or /ʔ̞/.

Tone

The final vowel of a word takes either a level or falling tone. The falling tone is written with an acute accent.

ak "seed" ák "armband"
nimi "bird" nimí "louse"

Orthography

Gimi uses the Latin script.[3]

Letter Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Hh Ii Mm Nn Oo Pp Rr Ss Tt Uu Zz
IPA ɑ b ʔ d e ʔ̞ h i m n o p ɾ s t u z
gollark: It seems like the alternative to "people invest in memes from their firms" would just be to have people blindly invest in anything you flag as "going to be popular" here, which... doesn't seem better? And would actually be quite like the old days of MemeBot.
gollark: ↑
gollark: How will it help people not in *this* server, exactly?
gollark: ...
gollark: Eh, not really. You just said something like "it is to stop firms pinging their members when they post a meme".

References
  1. Gimi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Gimi (Eastern Highlands)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript]
  4. Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
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