Gibberula

Gibberula is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae, previously placed in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids.[1]

Gibberula
Gibberula celerae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Clade: Neogastropoda
Family: Cystiscidae
Subfamily: Cystiscinae
Genus: Gibberula
Swainson, 1840
Type species
Marginella zonata
Swainson, 1840
Synonyms[1]

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for many years. This is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all this ongoing change, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications, especially within certain poorly understood groups.)

Other genus-group names are available for small shells resembling Gibberula. These include Granula Jousseaume, 1875 and Kogomea Habe, 1951. They are distinguished from Gibberula only on the basis of smaller size and other rather tenuous conchological differentiations.

Shell description

The shell of this genus is 1.5 to 10 mm in length, ovoid, stout, with a small, low spire. The outer lip is thickened but without an external varix. It is usually denticulated inside. The columella has several plaits on a thickened rim, decreasing in size towards the posterior end. The siphonal canal is distinctly notched.

Animal

Head and foot

The head is deeply divided in two. There are two short cephalic tentacles and two small anterior lobes. The eyes are a short distance behinde the tentacles. The mouth is provided with an extensible proboscis. The foot is only slightly longer than the shell when extended. In some species, the sole lies flat on the substrate when the animal is crawling. Others have the edge of the propodium raised, developed as parapodia which fit the head/tentacles in the manner of many tectibranchs.

Color pattern of the head and foot is a useful taxonomic character in all the species.

Mantle

The mantle does not extend over the shell during normal activity. A tongue shaped, translucent lobe may be seen on the left side in some instances. The internal mantle is usually visible through the shell. It may be brightly coloured in the smaller species with a featureless, translucent shell, and its pattern is then continued into the spire over the visceral mass. The siphon is short and inconspicuous, often bordered by a small pad.

Reproduction

All species of marginellids have a direct development without a planktonic phase.

Species

The separation between the genera Persicula and Gibberula is not clearcut and currently follows a rather arbitrary criterion where the large species with (usually with complex colour pattern) are placed in Persicula and the smaller species with a banded or uniform colour pattern in Gibberula, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements.[1]

Species brought into synonymy
gollark: Military-industrial complex, I think.
gollark: No, it's funnier not to.
gollark: My friend has one indirectly because of the "usage in terrorism" section.
gollark: I don't know spiders at all, unfortunately.
gollark: "yes, I will deliberately pay a moderate amount in expectation to constrain the actions of my friends" - definitely nice people.

References
  1. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Gibberula Swainson, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137881 on 2011-10-10
  2. Jousseaume, Félix Pierre (1875). "Coquilles de la famille des marginelles. Monographie". Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. 3 (3): 164–271, 429–435. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  3. Laseron, C.F. (1957). "A New Cassification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a Review of Species from the Solanderian and Dampierian Zoogeographical Provinces". Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 8 (3): 274–31.
  4. Roth, Barry; Coan, Eugene Victor (1971). "Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) from the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island" (PDF). Proceedings of the California Academy of Science. ser. 4. 37 (23): 575–584. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  5. Rolán, E.; Fernandes, F. (1997). "The small marginelliform gastropods from Ghana (Neogastropoda, Cystiscidae)". Argonauta. 11 (1): 3–12.
  6. Faber, Marien F. (1988). "The malacological taxa of Gordon W. Nowell-Usticke" (PDF). Studies on West Indian marine molluscs. 13: 67–102. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  7. Pin, M.; Boyer, F. (1995). "Three new species of Marginellas from the Dakar region (Senegal) (Gastropoda: Marginellidae)". La Conchiglia. 275: 55–61.
  8. McCleery, T. (2008). "Descriptions of sixteen new species of the genus Gibberula Swainson, 1840 (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae) from the Caribbean". Novapex. 9 (2–3): 101–118.
  9. Cossignani, T. (2006). "Una nuova Gibberula dal W. Sahara (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia, Cystiscidae)". Malacologia Mostra Mondiale. 50: 15–17.
  10. Knudsen, J. (1956). "Marine Prosobranchs of Tropical West Africa". Atlantide Report. Copenhagen. 4: 7–110.
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  33. Bozzetti, L. (1994). "Dalla Somalia Nord-orientale. Marginellidae Fleming, 1828: tre nuove specie / From North-Western Somalia. Marginellidae Fleming, 1828: three new species". La Conchiglia. 272: 56–58.
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