Gamma Gruis

Gamma Gruis (γ Gruis, abbreviated Gam Gru, γ Gru), formally named Aldhanab /ˈældənæb/,[11] is a star in the southern constellation of Grus (it once belonged to the Ptolemaic constellation Piscis Austrinus). With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.0,[2] it is the third-brightest star in Grus. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is located at a distance of roughly 211 light-years (65 parsecs) from the Sun.[1]

Gamma Gruis
Location of γ Gruis (circled) near the center
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Grus
Right ascension  21h 53m 55.72620s[1]
Declination –37° 21′ 53.4790″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 3.003[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B8 III[3]
U−B color index –0.307[2]
B−V color index –0.121[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)–2.1[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +98.07[1] mas/yr
Dec.: –13.22[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)15.45 ± 0.67[1] mas
Distance211 ± 9 ly
(65 ± 3 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−1.05[5]
Details
Mass3.06[6] M☉
Radius4.5[7] R☉
Luminosity373[5] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.79[6] cgs
Temperature12,520[8] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)57[9] km/s
Age75[6] Myr
Other designations
γ Gru, CD−37° 9119, FK5 822, GC 30640, HD 207971, HIP 108085, HR 8353, SAO 213374[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature

γ Gruis (Latinised to Gamma Gruis) is the system's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional Arabic name Al Dhanab, from the Arabic الذنب al-dhanab "the tail" (of the Southern Fish).[12] In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[13] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name Aldhanab for this star on 5 September 2017 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[11]

In Chinese, 敗臼 (Bài Jiù), meaning Decayed Mortar, refers to an asterism consisting of Gamma Gruis, Lambda Gruis, Gamma Piscis Austrini and 19 Piscis Austrini.[14] Consequently, the Chinese name for Gamma Gruis itself is 敗臼一 (Bài Jiù yī, English: the First Star of Decayed Mortar.)[15]

Properties

Analysis of the spectrum shows it to match a stellar classification of B8 III,[3] with the luminosity class of III indicating this is a giant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. The luminosity of Gamma Gruis is around 390 times that of the Sun, with a significant portion of the energy emission being in the ultraviolet.[16] Its outer envelope has an effective temperature of 12,520 K,[8] which gives the star a blue-white hue. Gamma Gruis is rotating relatively rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 57 km s−1.[9] By way of comparison, the Sun has an azimuthal velocity along its equator of just 2 km s−1.

Based upon analysis of data collected during the Hipparcos mission, this star may have a proper motion companion that is causing gravitational perturbation of Gamma Gruis.[17]

gollark: I just heard about that existing yesterday. Suspicious.
gollark: Oh, its SHEER singlethreadedness is bad.
gollark: Those too, yes.
gollark: There's also whatever the bee prototypes do, the sheer insanity of whatever empty slots in arrays mean, the lack of maps with non-string keys until recently, the inconsistent APIs browsers have accreted over the years, no good module system until ES6ish, and the fact that important features such as any iterators whatsoever got added late and so are barely supported.
gollark: The main one is just extremely weak typing, I think.

See also
  • Traditional Chinese star names#Grus

References
  1. van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357
  2. Gutierrez-Moreno, Adelina; et al. (1966). "A System of photometric standards". 1. Publicaciones Universidad de Chile, Department de Astronomy: 1–17. Bibcode:1966PDAUC...1....1G. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Houk, Nancy (1979), Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars, 3, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Bibcode:1982mcts.book.....H
  4. Wilson, R. E. (1953). General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Carnegie Institute of Washington D.C. Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  5. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015.
  6. David, Trevor J.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015), "The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets", The Astrophysical Journal, 804 (2): 146, arXiv:1501.03154, Bibcode:2015ApJ...804..146D, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/146.
  7. Underhill, A. B.; et al. (November 1979), "Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 189: 601–605, Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U, doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601
  8. Zorec, J.; et al. (July 2009), "Fundamental parameters of B supergiants from the BCD system. I. Calibration of the (λ_1, D) parameters into Teff", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (1): 297–320, arXiv:0903.5134, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..297Z, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811147
  9. Royer, F.; et al. (2002), "Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i in the northern hemisphere", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 393 (3): 897–911, arXiv:astro-ph/0205255, Bibcode:2002A&A...393..897R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020943
  10. "gam Gru". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  11. "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  12. Allen, R. H. (1963), Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (Reprint ed.), New York, NY: Dover Publications Inc., p. 238, ISBN 0-486-21079-0
  13. "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  14. (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  15. (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 5 日
  16. Kaler, James B., "AL DHANAB (Gamma Gruis)", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2012-02-11
  17. Frankowski, A.; Jancart, S.; Jorissen, A. (March 2007), "Proper-motion binaries in the Hipparcos catalogue. Comparison with radial velocity data", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 464 (1): 377–392, arXiv:astro-ph/0612449, Bibcode:2007A&A...464..377F, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065526
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