G 196-3

G 196-3 is a young low-mass M dwarf type star which is about 100 million years old. The star is located within the Ursa Major constellation about 71.1 light years away[1] from the Earth. During observations by Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain in 1998, a substellar-mass object was discovered to orbit approximately 300 astronomical units (AU) from the star. It was detected using direct imaging.[2][3][4][5]

G 196-3
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension  10h 04m 21.4629s[1]
Declination 50° 23′ 13.3872″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.3
Characteristics
Spectral type M3V
U−B color index +1.67
B−V color index +1.16
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)11.7 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −141.177±0.055[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −202.394±0.053[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)45.8611 ± 0.0388[1] mas
Distance71.12 ± 0.06 ly
(21.80 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)13.33
Other designations
TYC 3440-13-1, NLTT 23293
Database references
SIMBADdata

Substellar companion

Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named G 196-3B. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained R & I broadband photometry on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed astronomers to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet Jupiter. This was the second[6][7] discovery of a brown dwarf that was found around a low-mass star whose age[8] was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a collapsing cloud although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated protoplanetary disk.[9][2][10][11][12][13]

The G 196-3 planetary system
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
B ≥25 MJ 1.186 280 0.120 — —
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See also

References
  1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. Rafael Rebolo; et al. (1998). "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3". Science. 282 (5392): 1309. arXiv:astro-ph/9811413. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1309R. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1309.
  3. Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Gizis, J. E.; Burgasser, A. J.; Wilson, J. C.; Dahn, C. C.; Monet, D. G.; Reid, I. N.; Liebert, J. (2001). "Low-Luminosity Companions to Nearby Stars: Status of the 2MASS Data Search; Ultracool Dwarfs: New Spectral Types L and T. Edited by Hugh R. A. Jones and Iain A. Steele. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer": 125. Bibcode:2001udns.conf..125K. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. "G 196-3". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  5. "Lowell Proper Motion Survey 8991 Northern Stars (Giclas 1971) ReadMe". Centre de Donnes Astronomiques. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  6. "G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star". Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  7. R. Rebolo (2000). "Lithium in Brown Dwarfs". The Light Elements and their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. da silva, R. de Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000. 198: 299. Bibcode:2000IAUS..198..299R.
  8. "ING Scientific Highlights in 1998". Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  9. "Resultados más relevantes". IAC. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  10. "196-3B". ExtraSolar.net. Archived from the original on 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  11. McGovern, Mark R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; McLean, Ian S.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, L.; Lowrance, Patrick J. (2004). "Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features". The Astrophysical Journal. 600 (2): 1020–1024. arXiv:astro-ph/0309634. Bibcode:2004ApJ...600.1020M. doi:10.1086/379849.
  12. Allers; Liu; Dupuy; Cushing (2009). "Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary". Astrophysical Journal. 715 (561): 561–571. arXiv:0912.4687. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..561A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561.
  13. "2MASSW J1004207+502300". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
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