Furry Dance

The most famous Furry Dance (pronounced /ˈfʌri/), takes place in Helston, Cornwall, UK. It is one of the oldest British customs still practised today.[1] However the modern variant of the dance holds few similarities with the proposed original, having been revived long after the event had died out. The dance is very well attended every year and people travel from all over the world to see it: Helston Town Band play all the music for the dances.

For the popular song based on The Furry Dance, see The Floral Dance.

Furry Dance, Helston

The Furry Dance takes place every year on 8 May (or the Saturday before if 8 May falls on a Sunday or Monday). In Helston, 8 May, the Feast of St. Michael, is called Flora Day,[2] and the word probably derives from Cornish: fer, "fair, feast".[3][4] It is a celebration of the passing of winter and the arrival of spring. The schedule of the day is thus: morning dance at 7 a.m., the first performance of the Hal-an-Tow pageant at 8:30 a.m. with the last completed by 9:30 a.m., children's dance traditionally at 10 a.m. though in recent years the numbers and logistics have seen this advanced to 9.50 a.m. and in 2016 to 9.40 a.m., midday dance at noon, and evening dance at 5 p.m.. Of these, the midday dance is perhaps the best known: it was traditionally the dance of the gentry in the town, and today the men wear top hats and tails while the women dance in their finest frocks.[5]

Traditionally, the dancers wear Lily of the Valley, which is Helston's symbolic flower. The gentlemen wear it on the left, with the flowers pointing upwards, and the ladies wear it upside down on the right. Lily of the Valley is worn on Flora Day by dancers, bandsmen, Flora Day stewards and by those who are "Helston-born".

Children's dance

The children's dance involves over 1,000 children aged from 7 to 18, all dressed in white, the boys with lily of the valley buttonholes and the girls wearing flowers in their hair, the flower determined by the school they attend. They come from St Michael's School, Nansloe School, Parc Eglos School, and Helston Community College: each year a different school leads the dance.

The boys wear their school colours in the form of school ties, and the girls wear matching coloured flowers (blue cornflowers for St Michael's, forget-me-nots for Helston Community College, daisies for Nansloe and poppies and buttercups for Parc Eglos) in their hair.

The girls wear white dresses following the school rules and boys white shirt and trousers. They all dance around Helston town and older students for longer than others. By the end the older students from Helston Community College have danced for at least an hour and a half.

Pageant
The Hal-an-Tow in Coinagehall Street

The Hal-an-Tow, which takes place on the same day, is a kind of mystery play with various historical and mythical themes. The Hal-an-Tow Pageant starts at St John's Bridge and is performed at 7 locations around the town.[6] (Note that location 4 is now further south by the car park on Wendron Street.) Characters include Friar Tuck, Robin Hood, St. George, and St. Michael. The Hal an Tow song welcomes the coming of summer.[5] It contains disparaging references to the Spaniards, probably referring to the Spanish raid on Newlyn in 1595. The Helston Furry Dance is no. 135 in Palmer's Everyman's Book of English Country Songs.[2]

The meaning of Hal-an-tow is unclear*. The word kalann means the first of the month in Cornish,[7] but the first letter mutates to an "h" in some circumstances. It has been suggested that "tow" means garland in Cornish. This is not correct.[8] Some have suggested that Hal an Tow means raise the roof".[9] In Helston tow is pronounced to rhyme with cow and not toe. The Cornish word "tew" means fat,[10] and a recent explanation of the name is that Hal an Tow means the eve of the fattening time. The version of the Hal an Tow sung by the Watersons and other folk groups has never been sung in Helston. The Helston song does not include the verse about cuckolds and horns. These words appear to have been added from Shakespeare's play As You Like It at some time by someone who does not know the history of the Helston song. See for example the version in Sabine Baring Gould's Songs of the West (which contains errors) and the versions in Canow Kernow edited by Inglis Gundry,[11] such as the one recorded by William Sandys in 1846. The words of the Hal an Tow as it is currently sung in Helston are:
Chorus
Robin Hood and Little John,
They both are gone to fair, O
And we will to the merry green wood
To see what they do there, O
And for to chase, O
To chase the buck and doe.
Chorus
Where are those Spaniards
That make so great a boast, O?
For they shall eat the grey goose feather
And we will eat the roast, O
In every land, O
The land where-e'er we go.
Chorus
St Piran showed his care for us
And all our sons and daughters, O
He brought the book of Christendom
Across the western waters, O
And taught the love of Heaven above
For Cornishmen below.
Chorus
As for that good knight, St George
St George he was a knight, O
Of all the knights in Christendom
St George he is the right, O
In every land, O
The land where-e'er we go.
Chorus
But to a greater than St George
Our Helston has a right, O
St Michael with his wings outspread,
The archangel so bright, O
Who fought the fiend, O
Of all mankind the foe.
Chorus
God bless Aunt Mary Moses
And all her power and might, O
And send us peace in merry England
Both day and night, O.
And send us peace in merry England
Both now and ever more, O.
Chorus
Chorus:
Hal-an-tow, jolly rumble, O.
For we are up as soon as any day, O
And for to fetch the Summer home, The Summer and the May, O
For Summer is a-come, O,
And Winter is a-gone, O.

The verse about St Michael was added in the 1930s by Robert Morton Nance. The St Piran verse was added in 2005. The Aunt Mary Moses verse is only performed at the first location, at St John's Bridge, and the last location, by the Guild Hall.

Music

The music is provided by Helston Town Band, augmented by members of other local bands. They play from memory, as it is suggested that the music for the dance has never been written down.[12] However it was at various times, such as by Davies Gilbert in 1823.[13] In 1890 Cornish antiquarian M. A. Courtney wrote that the tune was sometimes known as "John the Bone".[14] the following rhyme often being attached to the tune by local children, "John the Bone was walking home, / When he met with Sally Dover, / He kissed her once, / He kissed her twice, / And kissed her three times over".

In 1911 Katie Moss, a London composer visiting Helston, observed the Furry Dance and joined in the dancing herself in the evening. On the train home she wrote words and music of a song about her experience, calling the song "The Floral Dance". She quotes the Furry Dance tune in the piano accompaniment to the chorus – though altering the melody in two bars. This song was soon published by Chappell & Co., and first performed by baritone Thorpe Bates the same year.

The first recording of the song was made by Peter Dawson on the Zonophone label in 1912. It has since been recorded by many other artists. A bass baritone version of the song was recorded by Inia te Wiata and was released posthumously in a collection called "Just call me Happy". In 1976 the Brighouse and Rastrick Brass Band recorded an arrangement of the Moss song made by their Musical Director Derek Broadbent. By Christmas 1977 half a million copies of the record had been sold, and it was only kept from the top position in the Christmas charts by Paul McCartney's 'Mull of Kintyre'.

In January 1978 a vocal version by Terry Wogan accompanied by the Hanwell Band reached number 21 on the UK singles chart. Wogan did not include the last verse (the climax of the story) in this recording. The BBC recorded the Band playing for the dance on 8 May 1943 and this recording is included in The Voice of the People vol. 16: You lazy lot of bone-shakers, issued by Topic Records in 1998.[15]

Similar customs

Similar customs can be found in, amongst other places, Biewer, a district of Trier (Germany), where the annual "Schärensprung" takes place and in Echternach (Luxembourg). There are also similarities with the 'Obby 'Oss festival in Padstow, Cornwall, and with similar events in Minehead, Somerset, and Combe Martin in Devon. A Flora Dance takes place through the narrow streets of Fowey, Cornwall during its annual Regatta Week in the third week of August.

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See also

References
  1. Williamson, George C. Curious Survivals ISBN 0-7661-4469-0; p. 148.
  2. Watersons songs, Hal-an-Tow, history and variants Retrieved 13 April 2012
  3. "The Gazetteer". Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  4. Norris (editor), Edwin (1968). The Ancient Cornish Drama, Volume 1. p. 501.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  5. History: Helston Furry Day Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  6. "Need some help finding your way round at Helston's Flora Day?: ROUTE MAP + INFO". Falmouth Packet.
  7. George, Ken (2009). An Gerlyver Meur. Bodmin: Cornish Language Board. p. 319. ISBN 978 1 902917 84 9.
  8. George, Ken (2009). An Gerlyver Meur. 632, 777: Cornish Language Board. ISBN 978 1 902917 84 9.CS1 maint: location (link)
  9. "Hal-an-Tow lyrics". Archived from the original on 1 August 2010.
  10. George, Ken (2009). An Gerlyver Meur. Bodmin: Cornish Language Board. pp. 623, 632, 223. ISBN 978 1 902917 84 9.
  11. Gundry, Inglis (1965). "Canow Kernow: Songs and dances from Cornwall". Redruth: Dyllansow Truran. pp. 12, 13. ISBN 0 907566 25 1.
  12. "Helston Flora Day". Helston Town Band. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  13. Gundry, Inglis (1965). Canow Kernow: Songs and Dances from Cornwall. Redruth: Dyllansow Truran. pp. 10, 11. ISBN 0 907566 25 1.
  14. Courtney, M. A. (1890) Folklore and Legends of Cornwall ISBN 1-871060-05-2
  15. You lazy lot of bone-shakers booklet pp. 28–30, 58

Sources
  • Green, Marian (1980) A Harvest of Festivals. London: Longman ISBN 0-582-50284-5; chap. 2: St Michael and a dancing serpent (pp. 14–30)
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