Front for the Liberation of Iran

Front for the Liberation of Iran (FIL),[1][2] Iran Liberation Front (ILF)[3] or the Saviour Front[4] (Persian: جبهه نجات ایران‎) was an Iranian monarchist organization based in Paris, which sought to restore the Pahlavi dynasty following the Iranian Revolution.[3] It was led by Ali Amini, former Prime Minister of Iran, who announced establishment of the group on 19 January 1982.[5]

Iran Liberation Front
LeaderAli Amini
Founded19 January 1982
HeadquartersParis, France
IdeologyMonarchism

In July 1983, the organization signed an agreement with the National Resistance Movement of Iran, another French-based organization led by Shapour Bakhtiar over shared policies, which included installing Reza Pahlavi.[3] By 1984, personal conflicts had reduced effectiveness of this alliance, according to Anoushiravan Ehteshami.[3]

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) reportedly funded the organization since 1982, paying a monthly stipend of $100,000.[6][7] The money included $20,000–$30,000 for the expenses of a radio named Radio Nejat (lit. 'Radio Liberation') which was broadcast from Egypt to Iran four hours a day.[6] The radio's greatest achievement on September 1986, when the CIA overrided Iranian domestic TV frequencies, sending the 11-minutes speech of Reza Pahlavi.[6]

When the news of CIA money circulated media in the United States, France and Iran, Amini who felt his reputation was damaged, withdrew from politics.[7]

Amini was replaced by Manouchehr Ganji in 1986.[8]

References
  1. "Rivalry complicates Iranian exile struggle". The Christian Science Monitor. 3 July 1986. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  2. "Ali Amini; Foe of Iran's Islamic Government". The Los Angeles Times. 17 December 1992. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  3. Anoushiravan Ehteshami (2002). After Khomeini: the Iranian Second Republic. Routledge. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9781134838851.
  4. Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle; Mohammadi, Ali (January 1987), "Post-Revolutionary Iranian Exiles: A Study in Impotence", Third World Quarterly, 9 (1): 108–129, JSTOR 3991849
  5. Rizvi, Sajid (17 February 1982), "Former Iranian Prime Minister Ali Amini said today Iranians...", United Press International, retrieved 20 March 2020
  6. Prados, John (2006). Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 500. ISBN 9781615780112.
  7. Milani, Abbas (2008). "Ali Amini". Eminent Persians: The Men and Women who Made Modern Iran, 1941-1979. 1. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. pp. 63–71. ISBN 0815609078.
  8. Gasiorowski, Mark (2015), "US Covert Operations toward Iran,February–November 1979: Was the CIA Trying to Overthrow the Islamic Regime?" (PDF), Middle Eastern Studies, 51 (1): 115–135, doi:10.1080/00263206.2014.938643
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