Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit)

Francisco de Toledo (4 October 1532 in Cordoba (Spain) – 14 September 1596 in Rome) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian, Biblical exegete and professor at the Roman College. He is the first Jesuit to have been made a cardinal (in 1593).

His Eminence

Francisco de Toledo

S.J.
Orders
Created cardinalSeptember 17, 1593
RankCardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina
Personal details
BornSpain
DiedRome
NationalitySpanish
Coat of arms

Biography

After studying under Domingo de Soto, Toledo became a professor of philosophy at the University of Salamanca from 1555 to 1559.[1]

He was ordained priest at Salamanca in 1556 and two years later, in 1558, entered the Jesuit order. After a brief period of spiritual formation he was called to Rome by the Superior General, Diego Láynez, where the budding Roman College was in great need of professors. Toledo successively (and successfully) taught Philosophy (1559-1562), Scholastic and Moral Theology (1562-1569), and was prefect of studies of the fast-growing university.

In the 1570s he published a number of commentaries on Aristotle's works.[2]

He directed the work on the Clementine Vulgate, the revision of the Latin Vulgate that was published in 1598; this built on the Sistine Vulgate (the 1590 text), approved by Pope Sixtus V.

Works
Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium, 1601
Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos, 1602

His works may be divided into three classes:

  • (1) Philosophical: "Introductio in dialecticam Aristotelis" (Rome, 1561), thirteen editions, apparently the first work of a Jesuit to be printed in Mexico; "Commentaria una cum quæstionibus in universam Aristotelis logicam" (Rome, 1572), seventeen editions; "Commentaria de physica auscultatione" (Venice, 1573), fifteen editions; "De generatione et corruptione" (Venice, 1575), seven editions; "De anima" (Venice, 1574), twenty editions; "Opera omnia. Opera philosophica" (Lyons, 1586–92), only one volume issued.
  • (2) Theological: "In Summam theologiæ S. Thomæ Aquinatis enarratio" (4 vols., Rome, 1869), published by Father José Paría, S.J.; "Summa casuum sive instructio sacerdotum" (Lyons, 1599), forty-six editions (Spanish tr., Juan de Salas; Italian, Andreo Verna; French, Goffar; summaries in Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian).
  • (3) Exegetical: "In sacrosanctum Joannis Evangelium commentarium" (Rome, 1592), nine editions; "In prima XII capita Sacrosancti Jesu Christi D. N. Evangelium secundum Lucam" (Rome, 1600), printing supervised by Father Miguel Vázquez, S.J.; "In Epistolam B. Pauli Apostoli ad Romanos" (Rome, 1602), Aramaic tr., Father Luis de Azevedo. Manuscripts: "Emmendationes in Sacra Biblia vulgata", corrected by direction of Clement VIII; "Regulæ hebraicæ pro lingua sancta intelligenda". Sermons: "Motivós y advertencias de casas dignas de refomación cerca del Breviario".[3]
  • Commentarii in prima XII capita sacrosancti Iesu Christi D.N. Evangelii secundum Lucam (in Latin). Romae: Giovanni Antonio Franzini, Girolamo eredi Franzini, Luigi Zanetti. 1600.
  • Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium (in Latin). Roma: Giovanni Antonio Franzini & Girolamo Franzini, eredi. 1601.
  • Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos (in Latin). Romae: Paolino Arnolfini. 1602.
  • Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium (in Latin). Brixiae: Bartolomeo Fontana. 1624.

Notes
  2. Roger Ariew, René Descartes and the Jesuits, p. 164, in Mordechai Feingold (editor), Jesuit Science and the Republic of Letters (2002)
  3. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Francisco Toledo" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
gollark: This is separate from my *submission*, available earlier in the history.
gollark: Well, here's my code, if anyone wants it.
gollark: I mean, C isn't even technically Turing-complete, and Python is written in C, so it's fine.
gollark: Can't ubq solve the halting problem?
gollark: It's not like there are speed constraints beyond "it has to take less than several minutes", right?

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Francisco Toledo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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